Alexa，我们现在开始训练吧！——一项针对旨在支持健康认知老化的数字和家庭为基础的身体训练干预措施的系统评价和分类方法。
Alexa, let's train now! - A systematic review and classification approach to digital and home-based physical training interventions aiming to support healthy cognitive aging.
机构信息
Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany.
出版信息
J Sport Health Sci. 2024 Jan;13(1):30-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.01.004. Epub 2023 Feb 1.
BACKGROUND
There is mounting evidence that regular physical activity is an important prerequisite for healthy cognitive aging. Consequently, the finding that almost one-third of the adult population does not reach the recommended level of regular physical activity calls for further public health actions. In this context, digital and home-based physical training interventions might be a promising alternative to center-based intervention programs. Thus, this systematic review aimed to summarize the current state of the literature on the effects of digital and home-based physical training interventions on adult cognitive performance.
METHODS
In this pre-registered systematic review (PROSPERO; ID: CRD42022320031), 5 electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Library) were searched by 2 independent researchers (FH and PT) to identify eligible studies investigating the effects of digital and home-based physical training interventions on cognitive performance in adults. The systematic literature search yielded 8258 records (extra 17 records from other sources), of which 27 controlled trials were considered relevant. Two reviewers (FH and PT) independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using a modified version of the Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in EXercise (TESTEX scale).
RESULTS
Of the 27 reviewed studies, 15 reported positive effects on cognitive and motor-cognitive outcomes (i.e., performance improvements in measures of executive functions, working memory, and choice stepping reaction test), and a considerable heterogeneity concerning study-related, population-related, and intervention-related characteristics was noticed. A more detailed analysis suggests that, in particular, interventions using online classes and technology-based exercise devices (i.e., step-based exergames) can improve cognitive performance in healthy older adults. Approximately one-half of the reviewed studies were rated as having a high risk of bias with respect to completion adherence (≤85%) and monitoring of the level of regular physical activity in the control group.
CONCLUSION
The current state of evidence concerning the effectiveness of digital and home-based physical training interventions is mixed overall, though there is limited evidence that specific types of digital and home-based physical training interventions (e.g., online classes and step-based exergames) can be an effective strategy for improving cognitive performance in older adults. However, due to the limited number of available studies, future high-quality studies are needed to buttress this assumption empirically and to allow for more solid and nuanced conclusions.
背景
越来越多的证据表明，定期进行身体活动是健康认知老化的重要前提。因此，近三分之一的成年人无法达到定期身体活动的建议水平，这需要进一步采取公共卫生措施。在这种情况下，数字和家庭为基础的体育训练干预可能是中心为基础的干预计划的一种有前途的替代方案。因此，本系统评价旨在总结目前关于数字和家庭为基础的体育训练干预对成人认知表现影响的文献状况。
方法
在这项预先注册的系统评价（PROSPERO；ID：CRD42022320031）中，两名独立研究人员（FH 和 PT）通过 5 个电子数据库（PubMed、Web of Science、PsycInfo、SPORTDiscus 和 Cochrane Library）进行了系统文献检索，以确定调查数字和家庭为基础的体育训练干预对成年人认知表现影响的合格研究。系统文献检索产生了 8258 条记录（另外还有 17 条记录来自其他来源），其中 27 项对照试验被认为是相关的。两名审查员（FH 和 PT）独立提取数据，并使用修改后的工具评估研究质量和报告在锻炼中的应用（TESTEX 量表）评估偏倚风险。
结果
在所审查的 27 项研究中，有 15 项研究报告了认知和运动认知结果的积极影响（即，执行功能、工作记忆和选择踏反应测试措施的表现改善），并且注意到研究相关、人群相关和干预相关特征方面存在相当大的异质性。更详细的分析表明，特别是使用在线课程和基于技术的运动设备（即基于踏步的电子游戏）的干预措施可以改善健康老年人的认知表现。在所审查的研究中，大约有一半的研究被认为在完成依从性（≤85%）和监测对照组定期身体活动水平方面存在高偏倚风险。
结论
目前关于数字和家庭为基础的体育训练干预有效性的证据总体上是混杂的，尽管有有限的证据表明特定类型的数字和家庭为基础的体育训练干预（例如，在线课程和基于踏步的电子游戏）可以是改善老年人认知表现的有效策略。然而，由于可用研究数量有限，未来需要高质量的研究来从经验上支持这一假设，并允许得出更坚实和细致的结论。
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