School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.
Department of Health Sciences, George Davies Centre, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
Sleep Breath. 2022 Mar;26(1):477-487. doi: 10.1007/s11325-021-02377-1. Epub 2021 Apr 30.
We analyzed the association between bedtime smart device usage habits and accelerometer-measured sleep outcomes (total sleeping time, sleep efficiency, and wake after sleep onset) in Hong Kong children and adolescents aged 8-14.
A total of 467 students in Hong Kong participated in this study from 2016 to 2017. They self-reported their bedtime smart device usage habits. The primary caregiver of each participant was also invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire about the family's social-economic status and bedtime smart device usage habits. An ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer was used to assess participants' 7-day sleep outcomes.
The mean age of the participants was 10.3 (SD 1.9), and 54% were girls. Among the participants, 27% (n = 139) used a smart device before sleep, and 33% (n = 170) kept the smart device on before sleep. In total, 27% (n = 128) placed the smart device within reach before sleep, 23% (n = 107) would wake up when notifications were received, and 25% (n = 117) immediately checked the device after being awakened by a notification. Multiple regression controlling for age, sex, socio-economic status, and other confounders showed that those who woke up after receiving a notification had a statistically longer sleeping time (19.7 min, 95% CI: 0.3, 39.1, p = 0.046), lower sleep efficiency (- 0.71%, 95% CI - 1.40, - 0.02, p = 0.04), and a longer wake after sleep onset (2.6 min, 95% CI: 0.1, 5.1, p = 0.045) than those who did not. Nonetheless, all primary caregivers' bedtime smart device habits were insignificantly associated with all sleep outcomes of their children.
Those who woke up after receiving smart device notifications had lower sleep efficiency and longer wake after sleep onset than those who did not, and they compensated for their sleep loss by lengthening their total sleep time.
我们分析了香港 8-14 岁儿童和青少年睡前使用智能设备的习惯与加速度计测量的睡眠结果（总睡眠时间、睡眠效率和睡眠起始后醒来）之间的关系。
共有 467 名学生参加了 2016 年至 2017 年的研究。他们自我报告了睡前使用智能设备的习惯。每位参与者的主要照顾者还被邀请完成一份关于家庭社会经济状况和睡前使用智能设备习惯的自我管理问卷。使用 ActiGraph GT3X 加速度计评估参与者的 7 天睡眠结果。
参与者的平均年龄为 10.3（SD 1.9），54%为女孩。在参与者中，27%（n=139）在睡前使用智能设备，33%（n=170）在睡前让智能设备开着。共有 27%（n=128）在睡前将智能设备放在触手可及的地方，23%（n=107）在收到通知后会醒来，25%（n=117）在被通知唤醒后会立即查看设备。控制年龄、性别、社会经济地位和其他混杂因素的多元回归显示，那些收到通知后醒来的人睡眠时间更长（19.7 分钟，95%CI：0.3，39.1，p=0.046），睡眠效率更低（-0.71%，95%CI-1.40，-0.02，p=0.04），睡眠起始后醒来时间更长（2.6 分钟，95%CI：0.1，5.1，p=0.045）。尽管如此，所有主要照顾者的睡前智能设备习惯与孩子的所有睡眠结果均无显著关联。
与那些没有收到智能设备通知就醒来的人相比，收到通知后醒来的人睡眠效率更低，睡眠起始后醒来的时间更长，他们通过延长总睡眠时间来弥补睡眠不足。
