Dept. of Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Kottigepalaya, Magadi Main Road, Bengaluru, 91, India.
Dept. of Tahafuzi wa Samaji Tib, Preventive and Social Medicine, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Kottigepalaya, Magadi Main Road, Bengaluru, 91, India.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2021 Aug 10;276:114144. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114144. Epub 2021 Apr 27.
Ammi majus L. (Aatrilal) a member of the family Apiaceae, is native to Egypt and widely distributed in Europe, the Mediterranean, and West Asia. It has been used for the treatment of various dermatological disorders particularly vitiligo in the Unani system of Medicine for ages. In traditional medicine, fruits are used as an emmenagogue as well as a diuretic, blood purifier and to treat leprosy, urinary and digestive disorders.
This paper aims to highlight the medicinal properties of Aatrilal in view of its temperament and phytoconstituents; to signify its potential in the treatment of vitiligo and other ailments as mentioned in Unani system of medicine and also to explore its phytochemistry, pharmacological and clinical studies.
Aatrilal was explored in classical Unani literature for its temperament (mizaj), medicinal properties and therapeutic uses. Published works available on PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were referred to collect all the available information regarding its phytochemicals and pharmacological studies. All relevant articles up to 2020 were referred including 15 classical Unani books, 15 English books, 72 research, and 3 review papers. The plant's scientific names were validated using 'The Plant List' (www.theplantlist.org). Standard Unani Medical Terminology published by Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine in collaboration with the World Health Organization was used to describe the appropriate Unani terminologies. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants and different indexed journals were consulted for botanical and English names.
Aatrilal has been used in traditional medicine for ages. Due to controversies in its identity, it was adulterated and substituted with many drugs. The real identity of Aatrilal is now established as the fruit of A. majus L. Despite having numerous pharmacological activities, it is considered the first-line drug for the treatment of vitiligo. It is a rich source of furanocoumarins (xanthotoxin, also known as 8-methoxypsoralen, bergapten, imperatorin, isopimpinellin) with other compounds viz. flavonoids, terpenoids, proteins, essential oil constituents, etc. It has been reported for anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, antiviral, cytotoxic, and many other activities. Clinical trials have shown the therapeutic potential in vitiligo and other skin disorders.
Based on the available literature, it can be concluded that Aatrilal is a drug that has been effectively used in Unani system of medicine for centuries to treat the cases of vitiligo and other dermatological disorders. It has been studied extensively for its phytopharmacological properties. Raw extracts of A. majus form the crux of the main research. Many potentially bioactive compounds are included in the essential oil, but to our knowledge, no detailed studies of its biological activity are yet available. Therefore, our suggestion is to focus future research on essential oil and its ingredients.
Ammi majus L.（Aatrilal）是伞形科的一种植物，原产于埃及，广泛分布于欧洲、地中海和西亚。在传统医学中，它被用于治疗各种皮肤病，尤其是乌纳尼医学系统中的白癜风。在传统医学中，果实被用作通经药和利尿剂，也被用作血液净化器，用于治疗麻风病、泌尿系统和消化系统疾病。
本文旨在强调 Aatrilal 的药用特性，包括其气质和植物成分；表明它在治疗乌纳尼医学系统中提到的白癜风和其他疾病方面的潜力；并探索其植物化学、药理学和临床研究。
在经典的乌纳尼文献中，对 Aatrilal 的气质（mizaj）、药用特性和治疗用途进行了探讨。查阅了 PubMed、Science Direct 和 Google Scholar 上发表的著作，以收集有关其植物化学和药理学研究的所有可用信息。参考了截至 2020 年的所有相关文章，包括 15 本经典乌纳尼书籍、15 本英文书籍、72 篇研究论文和 3 篇综述。通过“植物名录”（www.theplantlist.org）对植物的学名进行了验证。使用中央研究乌纳尼医学理事会与世界卫生组织合作出版的标准乌纳尼医学术语来描述适当的乌纳尼术语。印度药用植物词汇表和不同索引期刊被用来查询植物学和英语名称。
Aatrilal 在传统医学中已经使用了很长时间。由于其身份存在争议，它被掺假和替代了许多药物。现在已经确定 Aatrilal 的真实身份是 A. majus L 的果实。尽管具有许多药理学活性，但它被认为是治疗白癜风的一线药物。它是呋喃香豆素（又称 8-甲氧基补骨脂素、花椒毒素、白芷素、异补骨脂素）的丰富来源，还有其他化合物，如类黄酮、萜类、蛋白质、精油成分等。它已被报道具有抗炎、镇痛、抗菌、抗病毒、细胞毒性等多种活性。临床试验表明了它在白癜风和其他皮肤疾病中的治疗潜力。
根据现有文献，可以得出结论，Aatrilal 是一种在乌纳尼医学系统中被有效使用了几个世纪的药物，用于治疗白癜风和其他皮肤病。它的植物药药理学特性已经得到了广泛的研究。A. majus 的生提取物是主要研究的核心。精油中包含许多潜在的生物活性化合物，但据我们所知，目前还没有关于其生物活性的详细研究。因此，我们的建议是将未来的研究重点放在精油及其成分上。
