Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Food Science, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Waste Manag. 2021 May 15;127:48-62. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.04.020. Epub 2021 Apr 27.
Given the economic and environmental advantages of using Waste Fried Oil (WFO) as a starting material, this investigation explores the conversion of WFO to Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) via electrolysis for use in waste. In electrolysis, hydroxyl ions are generated from water in close proximity to the cathode. When hydroxyl ions react with methanol, they produce a species of nucleophilic methoxide which is the main actor in converting WFO into FAME. This study specifically investigates the effects of voltage, catalyst concentration, co solvent amount, rotation speed, and molar ratio of methanol to WFO in electrolytic transesterification converting WFO into FAME using graphite electrodes in the presence of a heterogeneous, catalytic zeolite-chitosan composite. With an alcohol to WFO molar ratio of 8:1, 1 wt% zeolite-chitosan composite concentration at 40 V in the presence of 2 wt% HO of the whole solution at room temperature and stirrer rate of 400 rpm and reaction time of 30 min, a 96.5% yield of FAME was achieved. Characterization of physical and biodiesel fuel properties was performed using American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) methods. The biocomposite was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM), Brunauer Emmett Teller(BET), Thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX). Finally, the physical properties of FAME produced under optimal conditions were studied using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), FTIR, surface tension, and viscosity.
鉴于使用废食用油 (WFO) 作为起始原料在经济和环境方面的优势，本研究探索了通过电解将 WFO 转化为脂肪酸甲酯 (FAME) 以用于废物处理。在电解过程中，羟基离子是在靠近阴极的水中产生的。当羟基离子与甲醇反应时，它们会产生一种亲核甲氧基物种，这是将 WFO 转化为 FAME 的主要因素。本研究特别研究了电压、催化剂浓度、共溶剂用量、转速以及甲醇与 WFO 的摩尔比对使用石墨电极在非均相催化沸石-壳聚糖复合材料存在下通过电解酯交换将 WFO 转化为 FAME 的影响。在醇与 WFO 的摩尔比为 8:1、沸石-壳聚糖复合材料浓度为 1wt%、40V 下、整个溶液中 HO 的 2wt%、室温下、搅拌速度为 400rpm 和反应时间为 30min 的条件下，可获得 96.5%的 FAME 产率。使用美国测试材料协会 (ASTM) 方法对物理和生物柴油燃料特性进行了表征。使用傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR)、X 射线衍射 (XRD)、透射电子显微镜 (TEM)、Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET)、热重分析 (TG)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和能谱 (EDX) 对生物复合材料进行了表征。最后，使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪 (GC-MS)、FTIR、表面张力和粘度研究了在最佳条件下生产的 FAME 的物理性质。
