Cherukuri R, Minkoff H, Feldman J, Parekh A, Glass L
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York-Health Science Center, Brooklyn.
Obstet Gynecol. 1988 Aug;72(2):147-51.
The recent dramatic increase in the use of alkaloidal cocaine ("crack") has led to concern about possible deleterious fetal effects associated with its use during pregnancy. Crack, which is not destroyed by heating, can be smoked, and delivers a large quantity of cocaine to the vascular bed of the lung, producing an effect similar to that from intravenous injection. To describe the association of crack use with pregnancy outcome, we conducted a retrospective matched cohort study of 55 women who admitted to the use of crack during pregnancy and 55 non-drug-using women who delivered during the same period. The groups were matched for age, parity, socioeconomic status, alcohol use, and presence or absence of prenatal care. A significantly larger number of women using crack delivered at 37 weeks or earlier (50.9 versus 16.4%; P = .001). Crack-exposed infants were 3.6 times more likely to have intrauterine growth retardation (P less than .006) and 2.8 times more likely to have a head circumference less than the tenth percentile for gestational age (P less than .007). Premature rupture of the membranes was 1.8 times more common in the crack group (P less than .03). Sixty percent of crack-using mothers received no prenatal care. Abnormal neurobehavioral symptoms were present in a minority of infants and were usually mild.
近期，生物碱可卡因（“快克”）的使用急剧增加，这引发了人们对孕期使用该药物可能对胎儿产生有害影响的担忧。快克不会因加热而被破坏，可以吸食，它会将大量可卡因输送到肺部血管床，产生与静脉注射类似的效果。为了描述使用快克与妊娠结局之间的关联，我们对55名承认在孕期使用过快克的女性和同期分娩的55名不使用毒品的女性进行了一项回顾性匹配队列研究。两组在年龄、产次、社会经济地位、饮酒情况以及是否接受产前护理等方面进行了匹配。使用快克的女性中，在37周或更早分娩的人数显著更多（50.9%对16.4%；P = 0.001）。接触过快克的婴儿出现宫内生长受限的可能性高出3.6倍（P小于0.006），头围小于胎龄第十百分位数的可能性高出2.8倍（P小于0.007）。胎膜早破在快克组中更为常见，是对照组的1.8倍（P小于0.03）。60%使用快克的母亲未接受产前护理。少数婴儿出现了异常神经行为症状，且通常较为轻微。
