Department of Occupational Therapy, Wonkwang University Gwangju Medical Center, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
Department of Occupational Therapy, Gwangju Women's University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2021 Jun 17;9(6):e25310. doi: 10.2196/25310.
Self-report assessments for elderly drivers are used in various countries for accessible, widespread self-monitoring of driving ability in the elderly population. Likewise, in South Korea, a paper-based Self-Report Assessment for Elderly Driving Risk (SAFE-DR) has been developed. Here, we implemented the SAFE-DR through an Android app, which provides the advantages of accessibility, convenience, and provision of diverse information, and verified its reliability and validity.
This study tested the validity and reliability of a mobile app-based version of a self-report assessment for elderly persons contextualized to the South Korean culture and compared it with a paper-based test.
In this mixed methods study, we recruited and interviewed 567 elderly drivers (aged 65 years and older) between August 2018 and May 2019. For participants who provided consent, the app-based test was repeated after 2 weeks and an additional paper-based test (Driver 65 Plus test) was administered. Using the collected data, we analyzed the reliability and validity of the app-based SAFE-DR. The internal consistency of provisional items in each subdomain of the SAFE-DR and the test-retest stability were analyzed to examine reliability. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to examine the validity of the subdomain configuration. To verify the appropriateness of using an app-based test for older drivers possibly unfamiliar with mobile technology, the correlation between the results of the SAFE-DR app and the paper-based offline test was also analyzed.
In the reliability analysis, Cronbach α for all items was 0.975 and the correlation of each item with the overall score ranged from r=0.520 to r=0.823; 4 items with low correlations were removed from each of the subdomains. In the retest after 2 weeks, the mean correlation coefficient across all items was r=0.951, showing very high reliability. Exploratory factor analysis on 40 of the 44 items established 5 subdomains: on-road (8 items), coping (16 items), cognitive functions (5 items), general conditions (8 items), and medical health (3 items). A very strong negative correlation of -0.864 was observed between the total score for the app-based SAFE-DR and the paper-based Driver 65 Plus with decorrelation scales. The app-based test was found to be reliable.
In this study, we developed an app-based self-report assessment tool for elderly drivers and tested its reliability and validity. This app can help elderly individuals easily assess their own driving skills. Therefore, this assessment can be used to educate drivers and for preventive screening for elderly drivers who want to renew their driver's licenses in South Korea. In addition, the app can contribute to safe driving among elderly drivers.
自我报告评估被用于不同国家，以方便、广泛地监测老年人的驾驶能力。同样，在韩国，也开发了一种基于纸质的《老年人驾驶风险自我报告评估》（SAFE-DR）。在这里，我们通过一个安卓应用程序实现了 SAFE-DR，它具有可及性、便利性和提供多样化信息的优势，并验证了其可靠性和有效性。
本研究测试了一款基于移动应用程序的自我报告评估工具的可靠性和有效性，该工具针对韩国文化进行了调整，并将其与纸质测试进行了比较。
在这项混合方法研究中，我们于 2018 年 8 月至 2019 年 5 月期间招募并采访了 567 名老年驾驶员（年龄在 65 岁及以上）。对于同意参加的参与者，在 2 周后重复进行基于应用程序的测试，并进行了额外的纸质测试（Driver 65 Plus 测试）。使用收集的数据，我们分析了基于应用程序的 SAFE-DR 的可靠性和有效性。分析了 SAFE-DR 每个子域中暂定项目的内部一致性和测试重测稳定性，以检验可靠性。进行了探索性因素分析，以检验子域配置的有效性。为了验证对于可能不熟悉移动技术的老年驾驶员使用基于应用程序的测试的适当性，还分析了 SAFE-DR 应用程序和纸质离线测试结果之间的相关性。
在可靠性分析中，所有项目的 Cronbach α 为 0.975，每个项目与总分的相关性范围为 r=0.520 至 r=0.823；每个子域中删除了 4 个相关性较低的项目。在 2 周后的重测中，所有项目的平均相关系数 r=0.951，显示出非常高的可靠性。对 44 个项目中的 40 个进行的探索性因素分析确定了 5 个子域：路测（8 个项目）、应对（16 个项目）、认知功能（5 个项目）、一般情况（8 个项目）和医疗健康（3 个项目）。基于应用程序的 SAFE-DR 的总分与去相关量表的纸质 Driver 65 Plus 之间存在非常强的负相关，为-0.864。基于应用程序的测试被发现是可靠的。
本研究开发了一种基于应用程序的老年驾驶员自我报告评估工具，并对其可靠性和有效性进行了测试。该应用程序可以帮助老年人轻松评估自己的驾驶技能。因此，该评估可用于教育驾驶员，并为希望在韩国更新驾驶执照的老年驾驶员进行预防性筛查。此外，该应用程序可以为老年驾驶员的安全驾驶做出贡献。
