Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610.
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610; D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610.
J Dairy Sci. 2021 Aug;104(8):8918-8930. doi: 10.3168/jds.2020-19430. Epub 2021 Apr 30.
The objective was to investigate the economic effect of treating dairy cows with metritis using ceftiofur-free acid or leaving them untreated at the time of diagnosis. Cows with a fetid, watery, red-brownish vaginal discharge were diagnosed with metritis (d 0). Data from 875 dairy cows (506 primiparous and 369 multiparous) from 1 herd in northern Florida that had been part of a larger study evaluating different treatments for metritis were used for the economic analysis. Holstein cows with metritis had been randomly assigned to: Ceftiofur (CEF, n = 239) = subcutaneous injection of 6.6 mg/kg of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid in the base of the ear at d 0 and d 3; Untreated (UNT, n = 233) = no treatment applied at metritis diagnosis. Both groups could receive escape therapy if condition worsened. A group of nonmetritic healthy cows (NMET; n = 403) from the same cohort was randomly selected for comparison. Continuous outcomes such as 300-d milk production (kg/cow), milk sales ($/cow), cow sales ($/cow), treatment cost by 60 days in milk ($/cow), reproduction cost ($/cow), replacement cost ($/cow), feeding cost ($/cow), and gross profit per cow ($/cow) were analyzed using the ANOVA (MIXED procedure of SAS version 9.4). Dichotomous outcomes such as pregnancy and culling by 300 d were analyzed using logistic regression (GLIMMIX procedure of SAS). Models included the fixed effects of treatment, parity, and the interaction between treatment and parity. A stochastic analysis was performed with 10,000 iterations using the observed results from each group. The CEF treatment resulted in greater treatment cost by 60 DIM than UNT ($112 vs. $37), but resulted in a greater proportion of pregnant cows (71 vs. 61%) and decreased culling by 300 DIM (29 vs. 39%) compared with UNT. Gross profit was lesser for UNT than NMET ($2,969 vs. $3,426), and CEF was intermediate ($3,219). The stochastic analysis showed that the mean difference in gross profit between UNT and NMET was -$457; saleable milk (49%) and replacement cost (24%) accounted for most of the variation. The mean difference in gross profit between CEF and NMET group was -$207; saleable milk (82%) and initial metritis treatment cost (9%) accounted for most of the variation. The mean difference in gross profit between the UNT and the CEF group was -$250; replacement cost (41%) and cow sales (31%) accounted for most of the variation. In summary, metritis caused large economic losses when left untreated, and CEF reduced those losses by improving fertility, reducing culling and replacement cost, and reducing milk yield losses.
本研究旨在调查在奶牛产后子宫炎发病时采用头孢噻呋游离酸（ceftiofur-free acid）治疗与不治疗对经济效益的影响。有恶臭、水样、红棕色阴道分泌物的奶牛被诊断为子宫炎（d0）。本研究使用了来自佛罗里达州北部一个牧场的 875 头奶牛（506 头初产和 369 头经产）的数据，这些奶牛曾参与了一项评估不同产后子宫炎治疗方法的更大规模研究。患有子宫炎的荷斯坦奶牛被随机分为两组：头孢噻呋组（CEF，n=239）=在 d0 和 d3 时于耳基部皮下注射 6.6mg/kg 的头孢噻呋游离酸；未治疗组（UNT，n=233）=在子宫炎诊断时不进行任何治疗。如果病情恶化，两组均可接受解救治疗。从同一队列中随机选择了一组非子宫炎健康奶牛（NMET；n=403）作为对照。使用方差分析（SAS 版本 9.4 的 MIXED 过程）分析了 300d 产奶量（kg/头）、牛奶销售额（$/头）、奶牛销售额（$/头）、60d 产奶量时的治疗成本（$/头）、繁殖成本（$/头）、替代成本（$/头）、饲养成本（$/头）和每头奶牛的总利润（$/头）等连续结果。使用逻辑回归（SAS 的 GLIMMIX 过程）分析了妊娠和 300d 淘汰等二项结果。模型包括治疗、胎次和治疗与胎次之间的交互作用的固定效应。使用每个组的观测结果进行了 10000 次随机分析。CEF 治疗的 60d 产奶量时治疗成本（$112）高于 UNT（$37），但妊娠奶牛的比例更高（71% vs. 61%），300d 淘汰率更低（29% vs. 39%）。UNT 的总利润低于 NMET（$2969 vs. $3426），CEF 则处于中间水平（$3219）。随机分析显示，UNT 与 NMET 之间总利润的平均差异为-$457；可销售牛奶（49%）和替代成本（24%）占大部分差异。CEF 组与 NMET 组之间总利润的平均差异为-$207；可销售牛奶（82%）和初始产后子宫炎治疗成本（9%）占大部分差异。UNT 组与 CEF 组之间总利润的平均差异为-$250；替代成本（41%）和奶牛销售（31%）占大部分差异。综上所述，产后子宫炎未经治疗会造成巨大的经济损失，而采用头孢噻呋游离酸治疗可通过提高繁殖力、降低淘汰和替代成本以及减少产奶量损失来降低这些损失。
