Jystad Ingunn, Bjerkeset Ottar, Haugan Tommy, Sund Erik R, Vaag Jonas
Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Nord University, Levanger, Norway.
Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Front Psychol. 2021 Apr 16;12:663161. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.663161. eCollection 2021.
Social anxiety is highly prevalent in adolescents and is often associated with great individual suffering and functional impairment. Psychiatric comorbidity is common and further adds to this burden. The purposes of this study were: (1) to describe the occurrence of diagnosed and self-reported social anxiety among 8,199 Norwegian adolescents aged 13-19 years who participated in the population-based Young-HUNT3 study (2006-2008); (2) to examine associations between sociodemographic characteristics and different subgroups of social anxiety; and (3) to describe the psychiatric health comorbidities among adolescents diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (SAD). In total, 388 (5.9%) of the adolescents screened positive for SAD and were invited into a diagnostic interview, performed by professional nurses, using Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM IV: child version (ADIS-C) (response rate = 54.6%). A SAD diagnosis was indicated in 106 individuals (50% of the interview subjects), and more than two-thirds of the adolescents diagnosed with SAD had one or more comorbid psychiatric disorders. Higher mean scores of self-reported social anxiety symptoms, poor self-rated health, sleep problems, poor family economic situation, low physical activity, and having sought professional help within the last year were associated with higher odds of being in the screening positive subgroup. Screening positive subjects who did not meet for a diagnostic interview did not differ notably from the rest of the screening positive group in terms of these sociodemographic characteristics. Based on our results and the fact that individuals with social anxiety often fear interview situations, the use of ADIS-C, screening questions and self-reports seem to be sufficient when aiming to identify epidemiologically representative cohorts of adolescents at risk of social anxiety.
社交焦虑在青少年中极为普遍,常常伴随着巨大的个人痛苦和功能损害。精神疾病共病很常见,这进一步加重了负担。本研究的目的是:(1)描述参与基于人群的“年轻-健康调查3”(Young-HUNT3)研究(2006 - 2008年)的8199名13至19岁挪威青少年中已诊断和自我报告的社交焦虑的发生情况;(2)研究社会人口学特征与社交焦虑不同亚组之间的关联;(3)描述被诊断为社交焦虑障碍(SAD)的青少年中的精神健康共病情况。总共有388名(5.9%)青少年筛查出SAD呈阳性,并被邀请参加由专业护士使用《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版焦虑症访谈量表:儿童版(ADIS-C)进行的诊断性访谈(应答率 = 54.6%)。106名个体(占访谈对象的50%)被诊断为SAD,超过三分之二被诊断为SAD的青少年有一种或多种共病精神障碍。自我报告的社交焦虑症状平均得分较高、自我健康评分较差、睡眠问题、家庭经济状况不佳、身体活动量低以及在过去一年中寻求过专业帮助,这些都与筛查呈阳性亚组的较高几率相关。未参加诊断性访谈的筛查呈阳性受试者在这些社会人口学特征方面与其余筛查呈阳性组没有显著差异。基于我们的研究结果以及社交焦虑个体通常害怕访谈情境这一事实,当旨在识别有社交焦虑风险的具有流行病学代表性的青少年队列时,使用ADIS-C、筛查问题和自我报告似乎就足够了。