Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Zeynep Kamil Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
Nord J Psychiatry. 2021 May;75(4):286-291. doi: 10.1080/08039488.2020.1850857. Epub 2021 Jan 21.
In this study, we aimed to investigate self-esteem and clinical features in clinically referred children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) and compare these to children and adolescents without SAD.
One hundred and twenty child and adolescent drug-naïve outpatients (6-15 years of age) with a primary diagnosis of ADHD were included. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), was used to evaluate ADHD and comorbidities. Parents filled in clinical and sociodemographic data form, Conners Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) and patients filled in Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES) and Çapa Social Phobia Scale for children and adolescents (ÇESFÖ).
Forty-six of the 120 (38.3%) children had comorbid SAD. Forty-six patients with SAD (ADHD + SAD group) and 74 patients without SAD (ADHD without SAD group) were compared in terms of the sociodemographic and clinical features, rate of psychiatric comorbidities, and rating scale scores. The rate of inattentive subtype of ADHD ( = 0.009), and social anxiety symptom scores ( < 0.001) were higher and self-esteem was lower ( < 0.001) in the ADHD + SAD group. Additionally, there was a statistically significant correlation between ÇESFÖ scores and CPRS anxiety subscale scores ( = 0.300, = 0.001), and also Rosenberg self-esteem scale scores ( = 0.470, < 0.001).
Children and adolescents with ADHD who had comorbid SAD may differ from ADHD patients without SAD in terms of ADHD subtype, clinical features and self-esteem.
本研究旨在探讨伴有共病社交焦虑障碍（SAD）的注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）临床患儿的自尊水平和临床特征，并与无 SAD 的患儿进行比较。
纳入 120 名初诊为 ADHD 的儿童和青少年药物-naive 门诊患者（6-15 岁）。采用儿童青少年情感障碍和精神分裂症诊断定式访谈表（K-SADS-PL）评估 ADHD 及共病情况。父母填写临床和社会人口学数据表格、Conners 父母评定量表（CPRS），患者填写 Rosenberg 自尊量表（RSES）和Çapa 儿童青少年社交恐惧症量表（ÇESFÖ）。
120 名患儿中，46 名（38.3%）存在共病 SAD。将 46 名 SAD 患儿（ADHD+SAD 组）和 74 名无 SAD 患儿（ADHD 无 SAD 组）进行比较，比较内容包括人口统计学和临床特征、精神共病率和评分量表评分。ADHD+SAD 组患儿中 ADHD 注意力不集中亚型的发生率（ = 0.009）和社交焦虑症状评分（ < 0.001）较高，自尊水平（ < 0.001）较低。此外，ÇESFÖ 评分与 CPRS 焦虑分量表评分（ = 0.300， = 0.001）以及 Rosenberg 自尊量表评分（ = 0.470， < 0.001）之间存在统计学显著相关性。
伴有共病 SAD 的 ADHD 患儿在 ADHD 亚型、临床特征和自尊方面可能与无 SAD 的 ADHD 患儿不同。
