Acosta Morel Wilson, Anta Fernández Francisco, Baroncelli Riccardo, Becerra Sioly, Thon Michael R, van Kan Jan A L, Díaz-Mínguez José María, Benito Ernesto Pérez
Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Front Plant Sci. 2021 Apr 14;12:663870. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.663870. eCollection 2021.
is a necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungus with a wide host range. Its natural populations are phenotypically and genetically very diverse. A survey of isolates causing gray mold in the vineyards of Castilla y León, Spain, was carried out and as a result eight non-pathogenic natural variants were identified. Phenotypically these isolates belong to two groups. The first group consists of seven isolates displaying a characteristic mycelial morphotype, which do not sporulate and is unable to produce sclerotia. The second group includes one isolate, which sporulates profusely and does not produce sclerotia. All of them are unresponsive to light. Crosses between a representative mycelial non-pathogenic isolate and a highly aggressive field isolate revealed that the phenotypic differences regarding pathogenicity, sporulation and production of sclerotia cosegregated in the progeny and are determined by a single genetic locus. By applying a bulked segregant analysis strategy based on the comparison of the two parental genomes the locus was mapped to a 110 kb region in chromosome 4. Subcloning and transformation experiments revealed that the polymorphism is an SNP affecting gene Bcin04g03490 in the reference genome of . Genetic complementation analysis and sequencing of the Bcin04g03490 alleles demonstrated that the mutations in the mycelial isolates are allelic and informed about the nature of the alterations causing the phenotypes observed. Integration of the allele of the pathogenic isolate into the non-pathogenic isolate fully restored the ability to infect, to sporulate and to produce sclerotia. Therefore, it is concluded that a major effect gene controlling differentiation and developmental processes as well as pathogenicity has been identified in . It encodes a protein with a GAL4-like Zn(II)2Cys6 binuclear cluster DNA binding domain and an acetyltransferase domain, suggesting a role in regulation of gene expression through a mechanism involving acetylation of specific substrates.
是一种具有广泛寄主范围的坏死营养型植物病原真菌。其天然种群在表型和遗传上非常多样。对西班牙卡斯蒂利亚 - 莱昂葡萄园引起灰霉病的分离株进行了调查，结果鉴定出八个非致病性天然变体。从表型上看，这些分离株属于两组。第一组由七个分离株组成，它们呈现出特征性的菌丝形态型，不产孢且不能产生菌核。第二组包括一个分离株，它大量产孢但不产生菌核。它们对光均无反应。一个代表性的非致病性菌丝分离株与一个高度侵袭性的田间分离株之间的杂交表明，在子代中，关于致病性、产孢和菌核形成的表型差异是共分离的，并且由单个基因座决定。通过应用基于两个亲本基因组比较的混合分离群体分析策略，该基因座被定位到4号染色体上一个110 kb的区域。亚克隆和转化实验表明，多态性是一个影响参考基因组中基因Bcin04g03490的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）。对Bcin04g03490等位基因的遗传互补分析和测序表明，菌丝分离株中的突变是等位基因，并揭示了导致观察到的表型变化的改变性质。将致病性分离株的等位基因整合到非致病性分离株中完全恢复了感染、产孢和产生菌核的能力。因此，可以得出结论，在该真菌中已鉴定出一个控制分化和发育过程以及致病性的主要效应基因。它编码一种具有GAL4样Zn(II)2Cys6双核簇DNA结合结构域和乙酰转移酶结构域的蛋白质，表明其通过涉及特定底物乙酰化的机制在基因表达调控中发挥作用。
