Dimitriades Megan E, Pillay Kirthee
Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
Health SA. 2021 Mar 29;26:1506. doi: 10.4102/hsag.v26i0.1506. eCollection 2021.
In South Africa, 5% - 15% of diabetics have type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Dietitians are an important part of the diabetes management team; however, there is a lack of published data on the dietary management practices for T1DM by dietitians.
The aim of this study was to determine the dietary management practices for T1DM by dietitians in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN).
This study was conducted in KZN.
A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted using a self-administered electronic questionnaire.
Of the 69 dietitians who participated, 58% ( = 40) used the American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines to manage T1DM; just under 35% ( = 24) spent over an hour with new cases; and 87% ( = 60) used face-to-face consultations for follow-up. Dietitians used the glycaemic index, portion control using the healthy eating plate, carbohydrate counting using nutritional labels and household measures and carbohydrate awareness to manage T1DM ( < 0.05). Dietitians also used the healthy eating plate (71%; = 49) ( < 0.05) and household measures (73.9%; = 51) ( < 0.05) to manage T1DM. Time constraints, the literacy level of the patient, available resources and language barriers all played a role in determining the dietary management practices used ( < 0.05).
Most dietitians in KZN used the ADA dietary guidelines to manage T1DM, which highlights the need for South African dietary guidelines for the management of T1DM. Dietitians used a variety of different dietary methods to manage T1DM in practice. This suggests that dietitians are flexible in how they manage T1DM with no one particular method being used. A variety of factors also influenced which dietary management practices were chosen.
在南非，5% - 15%的糖尿病患者患有1型糖尿病（T1DM）。营养师是糖尿病管理团队的重要组成部分；然而，关于营养师对T1DM的饮食管理实践，缺乏已发表的数据。
本研究的目的是确定夸祖鲁 - 纳塔尔省（KZN）的营养师对T1DM的饮食管理实践。
本研究在KZN进行。
采用自填式电子问卷进行横断面描述性研究。
在参与的69名营养师中，58%（n = 40）使用美国糖尿病协会（ADA）指南管理T1DM；略低于35%（n = 24）的营养师与新病例沟通时间超过一小时；87%（n = 60）采用面对面咨询进行随访。营养师使用血糖生成指数、使用健康饮食餐盘进行分量控制、使用营养标签和家庭量具进行碳水化合物计数以及提高碳水化合物认知来管理T1DM（P < 0.05）。营养师还使用健康饮食餐盘（71%；n = 49）（P < 0.05）和家庭量具（73.9%；n = 51）（P < 0.05）来管理T1DM。时间限制、患者的识字水平、可用资源和语言障碍在确定所采用的饮食管理实践中均发挥了作用（P < 0.05）。
KZN的大多数营养师使用ADA饮食指南管理T1DM，这凸显了制定南非T1DM管理饮食指南的必要性。营养师在实践中使用多种不同的饮食方法来管理T1DM。这表明营养师在管理T1DM的方式上很灵活，没有特别固定使用某一种方法。多种因素也影响了饮食管理实践的选择。
