Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Doutor Arnaldo 455, 01246-903, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Departamento de Parasitología Molecular, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Ave. Justo Arosemena, 0816-02593 Calidonia, Panama.
J Immunol Res. 2021 Apr 10;2021:5596876. doi: 10.1155/2021/5596876. eCollection 2021.
Macrophages play important roles in the innate and acquired immune responses against parasites. Depending on the subset and activation status, macrophages may eliminate intracellular parasites; however, these host cells also can offer a safe environment for replication. In this sense, the fate of the parasite may be influenced by the phenotype of the infected macrophage, linked to the subtype of classically activated (M1) or alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. In the present study, M1 and M2 macrophage subsets were analyzed by double-staining immunohistochemistry in skin biopsies from patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) caused by () , () , () ,and () High number of M1 macrophages was detected in nonulcerated cutaneous leishmaniasis (NUCL) caused by () (M1 = 112 ± 12, M2 = 43 ± 12 cells/mm). On the other side, high density of M2 macrophages was observed in the skin lesions of patients with anergic diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (ADCL) (M1 = 195 ± 25, M2 = 616 ± 114), followed by cases of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) caused by . (.) (M1 = 97 ± 24, M2 = 219 ± 29), (.) (M1 = 71 ± 14, M2 = 164 ± 14), and . (.) (M1 = 50 ± 13, M2 = 53 ± 10); however, low density of M2 macrophages was observed in NUCL. The data presented herein show the polarization of macrophages in skin lesions caused by different species that may be related with the outcome of the disease.
巨噬细胞在针对寄生虫的先天和获得性免疫反应中发挥重要作用。根据亚群和激活状态，巨噬细胞可以消除细胞内寄生虫；然而，这些宿主细胞也可以为寄生虫的复制提供安全的环境。从这个意义上说，寄生虫的命运可能受到感染巨噬细胞表型的影响，这与经典激活（M1）或替代激活（M2）巨噬细胞的亚型有关。在本研究中，通过双染色免疫组织化学分析了美洲皮肤利什曼病（ACL）患者皮肤活检中的 M1 和 M2 巨噬细胞亚群，这些 ACL 是由 （）、（）、（）和（）引起的。在由 （）引起的非溃疡性皮肤利什曼病（NUCL）中检测到大量的 M1 巨噬细胞（M1 = 112 ± 12，M2 = 43 ± 12 个细胞/mm）。另一方面，在无反应性弥漫性皮肤利什曼病（ADCL）患者的皮肤损伤中观察到高密度的 M2 巨噬细胞（M1 = 195 ± 25，M2 = 616 ± 114），其次是由 （）引起的局限性皮肤利什曼病（LCL）（M1 = 97 ± 24，M2 = 219 ± 29）、（）（M1 = 71 ± 14，M2 = 164 ± 14）和 （）（M1 = 50 ± 13，M2 = 53 ± 10）；然而，NUCL 中观察到 M2 巨噬细胞的密度较低。本研究结果表明，不同种属引起的皮肤损伤中巨噬细胞的极化可能与疾病的结局有关。
