Ali-Khan Sarah E, Jean Antoine, Gold E Richard
Faculty of Law, Centre for Intellectual Property Policy (CIPP), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1W9, Canada.
Tanenbaum Open Science Institute (TOSI), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada.
MNI Open Res. 2018;2:5. doi: 10.12688/mniopenres.12805.1. Epub 2018 Oct 12.
Areas of open science (OS) policy and practice are already relatively well-advanced in several countries and sectors through the initiatives of some governments, funders, philanthropy, researchers and the community. Nevertheless, the current research and innovation system, including in the focus of this report, the life sciences, remains weighted against OS. In October 2017, thought-leaders from across the world gathered at an Open Science Leadership Forum in the Washington DC office of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to share their views on what successful OS looks like. We focused on OS partnerships as this is an emerging model that aims to accelerate science and innovation. These outcomes are captured in a first meeting report: Defining Success in Open Science. On several occasions, these conversations turned to the challenges that must be addressed and new policies required to effectively and sustainably advance OS practice. Thereupon, in this report, we describe the concerns raised and what is needed to address them supplemented by our review of the literature, and suggest the stakeholder groups that may be best placed to begin to take action. It emerges that to be successful, OS will require the active engagement of all stakeholders: while the research community must develop research questions, identify partners and networks, policy communities need to create an environment that is supportive of experimentation by removing barriers. This report aims to contribute to ongoing discussions about OS and its implementation. It is also part of a step-wise process to develop and mobilize a toolkit of quantitative and qualitative indicators to assist global stakeholders in implementing high value OS collaborations. Currently in co-development through an open and international process, this set of measures will allow the generation of needed evidence on the influence of OS partnerships on research, innovation, and critical social and economic goals.
通过一些政府、资助者、慈善机构、研究人员和社区的倡议，开放科学（OS）政策与实践在一些国家和领域已取得了相对显著的进展。然而，当前的研究与创新体系，包括本报告所关注的生命科学领域，仍不利于开放科学的发展。2017年10月，来自世界各地的思想领袖齐聚华盛顿特区比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会办公室召开的开放科学领导力论坛，分享他们对成功的开放科学应是什么样的看法。我们聚焦于开放科学伙伴关系，因为这是一种旨在加速科学与创新的新兴模式。这些成果记录在第一份会议报告《定义开放科学的成功》中。在几次会议中，这些讨论转向了必须应对的挑战以及有效且可持续地推进开放科学实践所需的新政策。因此，在本报告中，我们描述了所提出的关切以及应对这些关切所需的措施，并辅以文献综述，还建议了最适合开始采取行动的利益相关者群体。结果表明，要取得成功，开放科学需要所有利益相关者的积极参与：研究界必须提出研究问题、确定合作伙伴和网络，政策界则需要通过消除障碍来营造一个支持实验的环境。本报告旨在为有关开放科学及其实施的持续讨论做出贡献。它也是制定和动员一套定量与定性指标工具包的逐步过程的一部分，以协助全球利益相关者实施高价值的开放科学合作。目前，这一套措施正在通过一个开放的国际过程进行共同开发，将能够产生有关开放科学伙伴关系对研究、创新以及关键社会和经济目标影响的所需证据。
