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直肠阴道间隔的外科解剖:女性是否存在独立的直肠阴道隔或 Denonvilliers 筋膜?

Surgical Anatomy of the Rectovaginal Space: Does a Standalone Rectovaginal Septum or Denonvilliers Fascia Exist in Women?

机构信息

1 Surgical Anatomy Unit, Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia, Spain 2 European Center for Colorectal Surgery, Coloproctology Unit, Vithas Valencia, Valencia, Spain 3 Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Coloproctology Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain 4 Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Coloproctology Unit, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.

出版信息

Dis Colon Rectum. 2021 May;64(5):576-582. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000001912.

DOI:10.1097/DCR.0000000000001912
PMID:33939388
Abstract

BACKGROUND

Below the anterior peritoneal reflection, the anterior rectal wall and mesorectum are separated from the posterior vaginal wall by a virtual rectovaginal space. In this space, the description of a specific and independent rectovaginal septum as a female counterpart of Denonvilliers fascia has been the subject of debate over the years.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to perform an accurate anatomical study of the rectovaginal area in a cadaveric simulation model of total mesorectal excision to evaluate the possible structures and the dissection planes contained within the rectovaginal space.

DESIGN AND SETTING

This is a cadaveric study performed at the University of Valencia.

PATIENTS

The pelvises of 25 formalin-preserved female cadavers were dissected. All the included specimens were sectioned in a midsagittal plane, at the level of the middle axis of the anal canal.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Careful and detailed dissection was performed to visualize the anatomical structures and potential dissection planes during anterior mesorectal dissection in cadavers. Histological sections were made of the posterior vaginal wall.

RESULTS

The rectovaginal space contains loose areolar tissue that allows an easy dissection plane distally. A distinct and independent rectovaginal fascia or septum is not present. The existence of 3 layers fused together in the posterior vaginal wall can be identified more or less precisely because of their different coloration. The histological study confirms this macroscopic arrangement of the posterior vaginal wall in 3 layers: the mucosa, the muscular, and the adventitia. An independent rectovaginal septum can be generated only with a splitting of the adventitia.

LIMITATIONS

The cadaveric pelvic specimens of the oldest donors might have had age-related degeneration.

CONCLUSIONS

The present anatomical study has shown only a plane of loose areolar tissue between the rectal and vaginal wall. We can conclude that there is no independent fascia or septum in the rectovaginal space. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B456. ANATOMÍA QUIRÚRGICA DEL ESPACIO RECTOVAGINAL: ¿EXISTE UN TABIQUE RECTOVAGINAL INDEPENDIENTE O UNA FASCIA DE DENONVILLIERS EN LAS MUJERES: Debajo del reflejo peritoneal anterior, la pared rectal anterior y el mesorrecto están separados de la pared vaginal posterior por un espacio rectovaginal virtual. En este espacio, la descripción de un tabique rectovaginal independiente específico como contraparte femenina de la fascia de Denonvilliers ha sido objeto de debate a lo largo de los años.Realizar un estudio anatómico preciso del área rectovaginal en un modelo de simulación cadavérica de escisión mesorrectal total, con el fin de evaluar las posibles estructuras y los planos de disección contenidos en el espacio rectovaginal.estudio cadavérico realizado en la Universidad de Valencia.Se disecaron las pelvis de 25 cadáveres femeninos conservados en formalina. Todas las muestras incluidas fueron seccionadas en un plano medio sagital, a la altura del eje medio del canal anal.Se llevó a cabo una disección cuidadosa y detallada para visualizar las estructuras anatómicas y los posibles planos de disección durante la disección mesorrectal anterior en cadáveres. Se realizaron cortes histológicos de la pared vaginal posterior.El espacio rectovaginal contiene tejido areolar laxo que permite un plano de disección fácil distalmente. No hay fascia o tabique rectovaginal distinto e independiente. La existencia de tres capas fusionadas en la pared vaginal posterior puede identificarse con mayor o menor precisión debido a su diferente coloración. El estudio histológico confirma esta disposición macroscópica de la pared vaginal posterior en tres capas: la mucosa, la muscular y la adventicia. Un tabique rectovaginal independiente solo se puede generar con una división de la adventicia.Las muestras pélvicas de cadáveres de los donantes más antiguos pueden haber tenido degeneración relacionada con la edad.El estudio anatómico actual solo ha mostrado un plano de tejido areolar laxo entre la pared rectal y vaginal. Podemos concluir que no hay fascia o tabique independiente en el espacio rectovaginal. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B456. (Traducción-Dr. Adrian Ortega).

摘要

背景

在前腹膜反折下方,直肠前壁和直肠系膜与阴道后壁之间由一个虚拟的直肠阴道间隙分开。在这个空间内,描述一个特定的、独立的直肠阴道隔作为女性 Denonvilliers 筋膜的对应物,多年来一直存在争议。

目的

本研究旨在通过全直肠系膜切除的尸体模拟模型进行准确的直肠阴道区域解剖学研究,以评估直肠阴道间隙内可能存在的结构和解剖平面。

设计和设置

这是在巴伦西亚大学进行的尸体研究。

患者

对 25 具福尔马林固定的女性尸体进行了骨盆解剖。所有纳入的标本均在中轴肛管水平的正中矢状面进行了分段。

主要观察指标

在尸体的前直肠系膜解剖过程中,仔细、详细地进行解剖,以显示解剖结构和潜在的解剖平面。对阴道后壁进行组织学切片。

结果

直肠阴道间隙内含有疏松的纤维组织,允许在远端进行容易的解剖平面。不存在明显的、独立的直肠阴道筋膜或隔。阴道后壁可以或多或少地准确识别出融合在一起的 3 层,因为它们的颜色不同。组织学研究证实了阴道后壁的这种 3 层宏观排列:黏膜、肌层和外膜。只有通过外膜的分裂才能产生独立的直肠阴道隔。

局限性

最古老的供体的尸体骨盆标本可能有与年龄相关的退行性变。

结论

本解剖学研究仅显示直肠和阴道壁之间的疏松纤维组织平面。我们可以得出结论,直肠阴道间隙内没有独立的筋膜或隔。

请访问 http://links.lww.com/DCR/B456 观看视频摘要。

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