Departamento de Investigación en Entomología Médica, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panam, Repblica de Panam.
Departamento de Investigación en Parasitología, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panam, Repblica de Panam.
PLoS One. 2021 May 3;16(5):e0250059. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250059. eCollection 2021.
More than 85% of the malaria cases in Panama occur in poor, rural and indigenous regions like Darien Province. Vector diversity, infection rate and spatial distribution are important entomological parameters of malaria transmission dynamics. Their understanding is crucial for the development of effective disease control strategies. The objective of this study was to determine the composition of Anopheles species, their natural infection rate and their geographic distribution to better understand the malaria transmission dynamics in Darién, Panama.
Anophelines mosquitoes were captured during the rainy and dry season of 2016. We selected five communities where adult anophelines were collected using CDC light-traps, and through protective human-baited traps. Detection of natural infection and Plasmodium genotype were detected via nested PCR through the amplification of ssrRNA and the circumsporozoite protein gene (csp), respectively.
A total of 1,063 mosquitoes were collected mosquitoes were collected for the detection of natural infection with Plasmodium spp. Nine Anophelines species were identified, with the predominant species being: An. (Nys.) darlingi (45.0%) and An. (Nys.) albimanus (42.6%). Natural infection in An. (Nys.) albimanus with P. vivax was detected in one mosquito pool from the community Pueblo Tortuga (0.6%), three from Marraganti (1.7%), two from Bajo Chiquito (1.1%) and three pools from Alto Playona 3 (1.7%). For An. (Nys.) darlingi mosquitoes, we detected seven positive pools from the community Bajo Chiquito (4.0%), two pools from Marraganti (1.1%) and two pools from Alto Playona (1.1%). The P. vivax allelic variant VK210 was detected in infected mosquitoes.
The results from this study provide new information on the transmission dynamics associated with anophelines vectors in the Darién region. This is the first report of natural P. vivax infection in An. (Nys.) darlingi and its incrimination as a potential malaria vector in this region of Panama. Additional studies are necessary to expand our knowledge and determine crucial parameters in malaria transmission in Darién, which in turn will aid the National Malaria Program in attaining an adequate malaria control strategy towards malaria elimination.
巴拿马超过 85%的疟疾病例发生在达连省等贫困、农村和土著地区。媒介多样性、感染率和空间分布是疟疾传播动力学的重要昆虫学参数。了解这些参数对于制定有效的疾病控制策略至关重要。本研究的目的是确定安蚊种类的组成、其自然感染率及其地理分布，以更好地了解巴拿马达连的疟疾传播动态。
2016 年雨季和旱季期间捕获了按蚊。我们选择了五个社区，在这些社区中，使用 CDC 诱捕器和保护型人诱捕器收集成年按蚊。通过巢式 PCR 检测天然感染和疟原虫基因型，分别通过扩增 ssrRNA 和环子孢子蛋白基因（csp）进行检测。
共收集了 1063 只蚊子进行疟原虫感染的检测。共鉴定出 9 种按蚊，主要有：An. (Nys.) darlingi（45.0%）和 An. (Nys.) albimanus（42.6%）。在 Pueblo Tortuga 社区的一个蚊子池中检测到感染 P. vivax 的 An. (Nys.) albimanus 自然感染（0.6%），在 Marraganti 社区有三个、Bajo Chiquito 社区有两个、Alto Playona 3 社区有三个。在 An. (Nys.) darlingi 蚊子中，我们从 Bajo Chiquito 社区检测到七个阳性池（4.0%）、Marraganti 社区两个（1.1%）和 Alto Playona 社区两个（1.1%）。在感染的蚊子中检测到 P. vivax 等位基因 VK210。
本研究结果提供了达连地区与按蚊媒介相关的传播动态的新信息。这是首次报道 An. (Nys.) darlingi 自然感染 P. vivax，并将其作为巴拿马该地区潜在的疟疾传播媒介。需要进一步研究来扩大我们的知识，并确定达连疟疾传播的关键参数，这反过来将有助于国家疟疾规划制定适当的疟疾控制策略，以实现消除疟疾的目标。
