A Follow-Up to the Geographical Distribution of Species in Malaria-Endemic and Non-Endemic Areas of Honduras.

species are the vectors of malaria, one of the diseases with the greatest impact on the health of the inhabitants of the tropics. Due to their epidemiological relevance and biological complexity, monitoring of anopheline populations in current and former malaria-endemic areas is critical for malaria risk assessment. Recent efforts have described the anopheline species present in the main malaria foci in Honduras. This study updates and expands knowledge about species composition, geographical distribution, and genetic diversity in the continental territory of Honduras as in the Bay Islands. Outdoor insect collections were carried out at 25 sites in eight municipalities in five departments of Honduras between 2018 and 2021. Specimens were identified using taxonomic keys. Partial COI gene sequences were used for molecular species identification and phylogenetic analyses. In addition, detection of DNA was carried out in 255 female mosquitoes. Overall, 288 mosquitoes were collected from 8 municipalities. Eight species were morphologically identified. was the most abundant and widely distributed species (79.5%). A subset of 175 partial COI gene sequences from 8 species was obtained. Taxonomic identifications were confirmed via sequence analysis. and showed the highest haplotype diversity and nucleotide variation, respectively. Phylogenetic clustering was found for and when compared with mosquitoes from other Neotropical countries. DNA was not detected in any of the mosquitoes tested. This report builds upon recent records of the distribution and diversity of species in malaria-endemic and non-endemic areas of Honduras. New sequences are reported for three anopheline species. This is also the first report of sequences of collected on the island of Roatán with apparent gene flow relative to mainland populations.