Neuroscience and Mental Health, SickKids' Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Nutr Neurosci. 2022 Sep;25(9):1948-1955. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2021.1918981. Epub 2021 May 3.
The association of diet quality with depression among the pediatric age group has been inconsistent. This may be due, in part, to varying dietary assessment methods. The current study sought to examine this association, and its reliability, using four dietary measures previously studied in children and adolescents.
Dietary habits among 139 children and adolescents (10-18 years, 66% female) with major depressive disorder [MDD (= 77)], non-MDD psychiatric conditions (PSYCH; = 31), or without psychiatric illness (healthy controls [HC]; = 31) were examined. Using self-reported dietary intake, diet quality was characterized using the Youth Healthy Eating Index (YHEI), Dietary Questionnaire (DQ), Health Behaviour of Teenagers (HBT), and the Healthy Eating Habits Scale (HEHS). Multivariate Analysis of Covariances examined the association between depression status and dietary habits across measures controlling for participant age.
The multivariate effect was significant by diet measures, F (16, 256) = 1.9, = .02, partial = 0.12, with significant differences across groups on consumption of healthy dietary practices and minimal variability across measures. In subgroup analyses, MDD children had decreased consumption of healthy foods compared with PSYCH and HC children on three out of four measures. There was no difference in consumption of unhealthy foods across diagnostic groups.
Cross-sectional design.
Children with MDD consume fewer healthy foods than non-MDD children, with little variation by dietary measure. Research examining the directionality of this association and specific dietary deficits among MDD youth is needed to elucidate potential preventative targets for intervention.
饮食质量与儿科年龄段人群抑郁之间的关系一直不一致。部分原因可能是不同的饮食评估方法。本研究旨在使用之前在儿童和青少年中研究过的四种饮食测量方法来检验这种关联及其可靠性。
研究了 139 名患有重度抑郁症（MDD（=77））、非 MDD 精神疾病（PSYCH；=31）或无精神疾病（健康对照组[HC]；=31）的儿童和青少年的饮食习惯。使用自我报告的饮食摄入量，使用青少年健康饮食指数（YHEI）、饮食问卷（DQ）、青少年健康行为（HBT）和健康饮食习惯量表（HEHS）来描述饮食质量。协方差的多变量分析检验了抑郁状态与饮食习惯之间的关系，同时控制了参与者的年龄。
通过饮食测量，多元效应显著，F（16,256）=1.9，p=.02，偏=0.12，各组在健康饮食行为的消费和各测量之间的最小变异性方面存在显著差异。在亚组分析中，与 PSYCH 和 HC 儿童相比，MDD 儿童在四种测量方法中的三种方法中健康食品的摄入量减少。各组之间不健康食品的摄入量没有差异。
横断面设计。
与非 MDD 儿童相比，患有 MDD 的儿童摄入的健康食品较少，不同饮食测量方法之间的差异不大。需要研究这种关联的方向性以及 MDD 青少年的特定饮食缺陷，以阐明潜在的预防干预目标。
