NICM Heath Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
Professorial Unit, The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
BMC Med. 2020 Nov 12;18(1):354. doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01813-5.
There is now evolving data exploring the relationship between depression and various individual lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, sleep, alcohol intake, and tobacco smoking. While this data is compelling, there is a paucity of longitudinal research examining how multiple lifestyle factors relate to depressed mood, and how these relations may differ in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) and those without a depressive disorder, as 'healthy controls' (HC).
To this end, we assessed the relationships between 6 key lifestyle factors (measured via self-report) and depressed mood (measured via a relevant item from the Patient Health Questionnaire) in individuals with a history of or current MDD and healthy controls (HCs). Cross-sectional analyses were performed in the UK Biobank baseline sample, and longitudinal analyses were conducted in those who completed the Mental Health Follow-up.
Cross-sectional analysis of 84,860 participants showed that in both MDD and HCs, physical activity, healthy diet, and optimal sleep duration were associated with less frequency of depressed mood (all p < 0.001; ORs 0.62 to 0.94), whereas screen time and also tobacco smoking were associated with higher frequency of depressed mood (both p < 0.0001; ORs 1.09 to 1.36). In the longitudinal analysis, the lifestyle factors which were protective of depressed mood in both MDD and HCs were optimal sleep duration (MDD OR = 1.10; p < 0.001, HC OR = 1.08; p < 0.001) and lower screen time (MDD OR = 0.71; p < 0.001, HC OR = 0.80; p < 0.001). There was also a significant interaction between healthy diet and MDD status (p = 0.024), while a better-quality diet was indicated to be protective of depressed mood in HCs (OR = 0.92; p = 0.045) but was not associated with depressed mood in the MDD sample. In a cross-sectional (OR = 0.91; p < 0.0001) analysis, higher frequency of alcohol consumption was surprisingly associated with reduced frequency of depressed mood in MDD, but not in HCs.
Our data suggest that several lifestyle factors are associated with depressed mood, and in particular, it calls into consideration habits involving increased screen time and a poor sleep and dietary pattern as being partly implicated in the germination or exacerbation of depressed mood.
现在有越来越多的数据探索了抑郁与各种生活方式因素（如饮食、体育活动、睡眠、饮酒和吸烟）之间的关系。虽然这些数据很有说服力，但缺乏纵向研究来考察多种生活方式因素与抑郁情绪的关系，以及这些关系在患有重度抑郁症（MDD）和没有抑郁障碍的个体（即“健康对照”）中可能有何不同。
为此，我们评估了 6 种关键生活方式因素（通过自我报告测量）与有或无 MDD 病史的个体的抑郁情绪（通过患者健康问卷中的相关项目测量）之间的关系。横断面分析在英国生物库基线样本中进行，纵向分析在完成心理健康随访的个体中进行。
对 84860 名参与者的横断面分析表明，在 MDD 和 HCs 中，体育活动、健康饮食和最佳睡眠时间与抑郁情绪的频率较低有关（均 p < 0.001；OR 0.62 至 0.94），而屏幕时间和吸烟与抑郁情绪的频率较高有关（均 p < 0.0001；OR 1.09 至 1.36）。在纵向分析中，在 MDD 和 HCs 中均能保护免受抑郁情绪影响的生活方式因素是最佳睡眠时间（MDD OR = 1.10；p < 0.001，HC OR = 1.08；p < 0.001）和较低的屏幕时间（MDD OR = 0.71；p < 0.001，HC OR = 0.80；p < 0.001）。健康饮食与 MDD 状态之间也存在显著的交互作用（p = 0.024），而饮食质量较好被表明可以保护 HCs 免受抑郁情绪的影响（OR = 0.92；p = 0.045），但与 MDD 样本中的抑郁情绪无关。在横断面分析中（OR = 0.91；p < 0.0001），饮酒频率较高令人惊讶地与 MDD 中抑郁情绪频率降低有关，但在 HCs 中则无关。
我们的数据表明，一些生活方式因素与抑郁情绪有关，特别是，它表明增加屏幕时间和不良睡眠和饮食模式的习惯可能部分与抑郁情绪的产生或加剧有关。
