School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
Ann Behav Med. 2022 May 18;56(5):442-460. doi: 10.1093/abm/kaab025.
Subjective social status (SSS) has shown inverse relationships with cardiometabolic risk, but intersectionalities of race/ethnicity and sex may indicate more nuanced relationships.
To investigate associations of SSS with cardiometabolic risk markers by race/ethnicity and sex.
Data were from Wave IV (2008) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 4,847; 24-32 years), which collected biological cardiometabolic risk markers. A 10-step ladder captured SSS; respondents indicated on which step they perceived they stood in relation to other people in the U.S. higher values indicated higher SSS (range: 1-10). We tested the relationship between SSS and individual markers using generalized least square means linear regression models, testing three-way interactions between SSS, race/ethnicity, and sex (p < .10) before stratification.
SSS-race/ethnicity-sex interactions were significantly associated with waist circumference (p ≤ .0001), body mass index (BMI; p ≤ .0001), systolic blood pressure (SBP; p ≤ .0001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; p = .0004), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; p = .07). SSS was associated with waist circumference (β [SE]: -1.2 (0.4), p < .05) and BMI (-0.6 [0.2], p < .01) for non-Hispanic White females, compared with males; with HDL-C among non-Hispanic White (0.2 [0.1]; p < .05) and Hispanic (0.3 (0.1); p < .05) females, compared with males; with SBP for non-Hispanic Asian (1.7 [0.8]; p < .05) and Multiracial (1.8 [0.8]; p < .05), versus White, females; and with DBP for non-Hispanic Black (0.8 [0.3]; p < .01), versus White, males.
SSS was differentially related to cardiometabolic risk markers by race/ethnicity and sex, suggesting intersectional aspects. Clinical and research applications of SSS should consider race/ethnicity- and sex-specific pathways influencing cardiometabolic risk.
主观社会地位（SSS）与心血管代谢风险呈负相关，但种族/民族和性别的交叉可能表明存在更细微的关系。
通过种族/民族和性别研究 SSS 与心血管代谢风险标志物的关联。
数据来自青少年至成人健康纵向研究的第四波（2008 年）（n=4847；24-32 岁），该研究收集了生物心血管代谢风险标志物。10 级阶梯衡量 SSS；受访者表示他们在美国其他人中处于哪一级，数值越高表示 SSS 越高（范围：1-10）。我们使用广义最小二乘均值线性回归模型测试 SSS 与个体标志物之间的关系，在分层之前测试 SSS、种族/民族和性别的三向交互作用（p<.10）。
SSS-种族/民族-性别交互作用与腰围（p≤.0001）、体重指数（BMI；p≤.0001）、收缩压（SBP；p≤.0001）、舒张压（DBP；p=.0004）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C；p=.07）显著相关。与男性相比，非西班牙裔白种女性的 SSS 与腰围（β[SE]：-1.2[0.4]，p<.05）和 BMI（-0.6[0.2]，p<.01）相关；非西班牙裔白种人和西班牙裔女性的 HDL-C 与男性相比有所升高（0.2[0.1]；p<.05）和（0.3[0.1]；p<.05）；与非西班牙裔亚洲女性的 SBP 相关（1.7[0.8]；p<.05）和多种族女性（1.8[0.8]；p<.05），与白人女性相比；与非西班牙裔黑人男性的 DBP 相关（0.8[0.3]；p<.01），与白人男性相比。
SSS 与心血管代谢风险标志物的关系因种族/民族和性别而异，表明存在交叉方面。SSS 的临床和研究应用应考虑影响心血管代谢风险的种族/民族和性别特异性途径。
