Loyola University Chicago, Marcella Niehoff School of Nurisng, Maywood, IL, USA.
J Urban Health. 2019 Mar;96(Suppl 1):44-49. doi: 10.1007/s11524-018-00334-0.
African Americans (AAs) have a higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) which is not fully explained by traditional CVD risk factors such as smoking, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Evidence demonstrates that chronic stress, low subjective status, and lack of social support play important roles in increasing the risk for CVD, particularly in minority women. Increasing evidence demonstrates that resilience may ameliorate the effect of social stressors on the development of CVD. However, little is known about the social context that may influence resilience in AA women. Therefore, the purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the predictors of resilience in AA women at risk for CVD. A cross-sectional sample of AA women (N = 104) participated in the study. Participants completed measures of resilience, subjective social status, social support, and general stress. Findings revealed that participants had low levels of resilience as measured by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (mean = 50.3 ± 11.4) compared to norms. Results of the multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that both subjective social status in relation to others in the USA (p = 0.021) and perceived social support (p < 0.001) predicted greater level of resilience. The model, controlling for age, marital status, income, level of education, and general stress, accounted for a significant proportion of variance (F[8,75] = 6.6, p < .001), explaining 41.7% of the variation in resilience. Results suggest that subjective social status and social support contribute to perceived resilience in AA women. Additional research is needed to assess the association of subjective social status and social support in longitudinal studies.
非裔美国人（AA）患心血管疾病（CVD）的风险较高，而这不能完全用传统的 CVD 风险因素（如吸烟、肥胖、高血压和糖尿病）来解释。有证据表明，慢性压力、低主观地位和缺乏社会支持在增加 CVD 风险方面发挥着重要作用，尤其是在少数族裔女性中。越来越多的证据表明，韧性可以减轻社会压力源对 CVD 发展的影响。然而，对于可能影响 AA 女性韧性的社会环境知之甚少。因此，本探索性研究的目的是探讨 CVD 高危 AA 女性的韧性预测因素。一项横断面样本研究纳入了 104 名 AA 女性。参与者完成了韧性、主观社会地位、社会支持和一般压力的测量。研究结果显示，参与者的韧性水平较低，采用 Connor-Davidson 韧性量表（均值=50.3±11.4）进行测量，与常模相比。多元线性回归分析的结果表明，与美国他人的主观社会地位（p=0.021）和感知社会支持（p<0.001）均与更高的韧性水平相关。该模型控制了年龄、婚姻状况、收入、教育水平和一般压力，解释了 41.7%的韧性变化（F[8,75]=6.6，p<.001）。结果表明，主观社会地位和社会支持有助于 AA 女性感知到韧性。需要进一步研究来评估主观社会地位和社会支持在纵向研究中的相关性。
