Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland.
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 25-346 Kielce, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 30;18(9):4802. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18094802.
The COVID pandemic very quickly became the world's most serious social and economic problem. This paper's focus is on the spatial aspect of its spread, with the aims being to point to spatial conditioning underpinning development of the pandemic, and to identify and assess possible socio-economic features exerting an impact on that. Particular attention has been paid to the percentage of positive tests for the presence of the coronavirus, as well as mortality due to the disease it causes. The statistics used relate to 102 countries, with the research for each extending from the time first cases of COVID-19 were reported through to 18 November 2020. The focus of investigation has been the stochastic co-occurrence of both a morbidity index and a mortality index, with intentionally selected socio-economic variables. Results have then been summarized through the classification of countries in relation to the two indices. Highest values relate to Latin America. A significant co-occurrence of morbidity and mortality with GDP per capita has been identified, as values for the indices are found to be lower in wealthier countries. The basic conclusion is that the dependency of the pandemic on environmental and socio-economic conditioning became more complex and ambiguous, while also being displaced gradually as concrete political decisions came to be taken.
新冠疫情迅速成为全球最严重的社会和经济问题。本文聚焦疫情传播的空间方面，旨在指出疫情发展的空间条件，并识别和评估可能对其产生影响的社会经济特征。特别关注冠状病毒检测呈阳性的百分比以及由其引起的死亡率。使用的统计数据涉及 102 个国家，每个国家的研究从首次报告 COVID-19 病例开始，一直持续到 2020 年 11 月 18 日。调查的重点是发病率和死亡率与有意选择的社会经济变量的随机共同发生。然后通过与两个指数相关的国家分类来总结结果。发病率和死亡率与人均 GDP 之间存在显著的共同发生关系，因为在较富裕的国家，这些指数的值较低。基本结论是，疫情对环境和社会经济条件的依赖变得更加复杂和模糊，同时随着具体政治决策的出台，这种依赖也逐渐转移。
