Health and Human Performance Department, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
High Performance Center of Sierra Nevada, 18196 Granada, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 29;18(9):4740. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18094740.
The present study investigated swimmers' performances on the starting and turning segments between individual and relay races. A total number of 72 race performances of the same swimmers in both relay 4 × 100 m finals (freestyle, medley, and mixed freestyle) and individual 100 m finals or semi-finals (butterfly, breaststroke, and freestyle) from the LEN European Swimming Championships were compared with repeated measures MANOVA. Swimmers performed 5-7% faster starts in the relay than in the corresponding individual events, despite no differences in the flight phase and a lower performance (shorter distances and slower velocities) on the underwater start section. The 15 m turn times were slower in the butterfly relay races although no specific differences in the underwater parameters were observed. These results suggest that specific training of the starting and turning segments should be performed under relay conditions to optimise pacing and performance in the underwater sections.
本研究调查了个人赛和接力赛中游泳运动员在出发和转身阶段的表现。对来自欧洲游泳锦标赛 LEN 的相同游泳运动员的接力 4×100m 决赛（自由泳、混合泳和混合自由泳）和个人 100m 决赛或半决赛（蝶泳、蛙泳和自由泳）的总共 72 次比赛表现进行了重复测量 MANOVA 比较。尽管在飞行阶段没有差异，并且水下出发部分的表现（较短的距离和较慢的速度）较低，但接力赛中的游泳运动员的出发速度比相应的个人项目快 5-7%。尽管在水下参数方面没有观察到特定差异，但蝶泳接力比赛的 15 米转身时间较慢。这些结果表明，应该在接力条件下进行出发和转身阶段的专项训练，以优化水下部分的节奏和表现。
