Department of Rehabilitation & Sport Sciences, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UK.
Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 47 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Oct 20;19(20):13578. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192013578.
The purpose of the present study was to investigate differences between world-class individual medley (IM) swimmers and stroke-specialists using race analyses. A total of eighty 200 m races (8 finalists × 2 sexes × 5 events) at the 2021 European long-course swimming championships were analysed. Eight digital video cameras recorded the races, and the video footage was manually analysed to obtain underwater distance, underwater time, and underwater speed, as well as clean-swimming speed, stroke rate, and distance per stroke. Each lap of the IM races was compared with the first, second, third, and fourth laps of butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, and freestyle races, respectively. Differences between IM swimmers and specialists in each analysed variable were assessed using an independent-sample -test, and the effects of sex and stroke on the differences were analysed using a two-way analysis of variance with relative values (IM swimmers' score relative to the mean specialists' score) as dependent variables. Breaststroke specialists showed faster clean-swimming speed and longer distance per stroke than IM swimmers for both males (clean-swimming speed: = 0.011; distance per stroke: = 0.023) and females (clean-swimming speed: = 0.003; distance per stroke: = 0.036). For backstroke and front crawl, specialists exhibited faster underwater speeds than IM swimmers (all < 0.001). Females showed faster relative speeds during butterfly clean-swimming segments ( < 0.001) and breaststroke underwater segments than males ( = 0.028). IM swimmers should focus especially on breaststroke training, particularly aiming to improve their distance per stroke.
本研究旨在通过比赛分析，研究世界级个人混合泳（IM）游泳运动员和专项游泳运动员之间的差异。对 2021 年欧洲长池游泳锦标赛的 80 场 200 米比赛（8 名决赛选手×2 性别的 5 个项目）进行了分析。8 台数码摄像机记录了比赛，通过手动分析视频片段获得了水下距离、水下时间和水下速度，以及干净游泳速度、划频和每划距离。将 IM 比赛的每一圈与蝶泳、仰泳、蛙泳和自由泳比赛的第一、第二、第三和第四圈分别进行比较。使用独立样本 t 检验评估了 IM 游泳运动员和专家在每个分析变量上的差异，使用双因素方差分析（以相对值[IM 游泳运动员的得分相对于专家平均得分]作为因变量）分析了性别和泳姿对差异的影响。男性和女性的蛙泳专家在干净游泳速度和每划距离上均快于 IM 游泳运动员（干净游泳速度： = 0.011；每划距离： = 0.023）。对于仰泳和自由泳，专家的水下速度快于 IM 游泳运动员（均<0.001）。女性在蝶泳干净游泳段（<0.001）和蛙泳水下段的相对速度快于男性（ = 0.028）。IM 游泳运动员应特别注重蛙泳训练，特别是要提高每划距离。
