己糖激酶 2 在癌症中的作用:一个扮演多个角色的主角。
Hexokinase 2 in Cancer: A Prima Donna Playing Multiple Characters.
机构信息
Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, 56124 Pias, Italy.
出版信息
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 29;22(9):4716. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094716.
Hexokinases are a family of ubiquitous exose-phosphorylating enzymes that prime glucose for intracellular utilization. Hexokinase 2 (HK2) is the most active isozyme of the family, mainly expressed in insulin-sensitive tissues. HK2 induction in most neoplastic cells contributes to their metabolic rewiring towards aerobic glycolysis, and its genetic ablation inhibits malignant growth in mouse models. HK2 can dock to mitochondria, where it performs additional functions in autophagy regulation and cell death inhibition that are independent of its enzymatic activity. The recent definition of HK2 localization to contact points between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum called Mitochondria Associated Membranes (MAMs) has unveiled a novel HK2 role in regulating intracellular Ca fluxes. Here, we propose that HK2 localization in MAMs of tumor cells is key in sustaining neoplastic progression, as it acts as an intersection node between metabolic and survival pathways. Disrupting these functions by targeting HK2 subcellular localization can constitute a promising anti-tumor strategy.
己糖激酶是一类普遍存在的外切磷酸化酶,可使葡萄糖为细胞内利用做好准备。己糖激酶 2(HK2)是该家族中最活跃的同工酶,主要在胰岛素敏感组织中表达。在大多数肿瘤细胞中,HK2 的诱导有助于它们的代谢重编程,向有氧糖酵解方向发展,其基因缺失可抑制小鼠模型中的恶性生长。HK2 可以与线粒体结合,在那里它在自噬调节和细胞死亡抑制中发挥额外的功能,这些功能与其酶活性无关。最近将 HK2 定位在称为线粒体相关膜(MAMs)的线粒体和内质网之间的接触点的定义揭示了 HK2 在调节细胞内 Ca 流中的新作用。在这里,我们提出肿瘤细胞中 MAMs 中的 HK2 定位是维持肿瘤进展的关键,因为它是代谢和存活途径的交叉节点。通过靶向 HK2 的亚细胞定位来破坏这些功能可能是一种有前途的抗肿瘤策略。