Sallam Ibrahim E, Abdelwareth Amr, Attia Heba, Aziz Ramy K, Homsi Masun Nabhan, von Bergen Martin, Farag Mohamed A
Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October City 12566, Egypt.
Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.
Microorganisms. 2021 Apr 29;9(5):965. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9050965.
Tannins represent a heterogeneous group of high-molecular-weight polyphenols that are ubiquitous among plant families, especially in cereals, as well as in many fruits and vegetables. Hydrolysable and condensed tannins, in addition to phlorotannins from marine algae, are the main classes of these bioactive compounds. Despite their low bioavailability, tannins have many beneficial pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, and cardioprotective effects. Microbiota-mediated hydrolysis of tannins produces highly bioaccessible metabolites, which have been extensively studied and account for most of the health effects attributed to tannins. This review article summarises the effect of the human microbiota on the metabolism of different tannin groups and the expected health benefits that may be induced by such mutual interactions. Microbial metabolism of tannins yields highly bioaccessible microbial metabolites that account for most of the systemic effects of tannins. This article also uses explainable artificial intelligence to define the molecular signatures of gut-biotransformed tannin metabolites that are correlated with chemical and biological activity. An understanding of microbiota-tannin interactions, tannin metabolism-related phenotypes (metabotypes) and chemical tannin-metabolites motifs is of great importance for harnessing the biological effects of tannins for drug discovery and other health benefits.
单宁是一组异质性的高分子量多酚，广泛存在于植物科中，尤其是谷物，以及许多水果和蔬菜中。除了来自海藻的间苯三酚单宁外，可水解单宁和缩合单宁是这些生物活性化合物的主要类别。尽管单宁的生物利用度较低，但它们具有许多有益的药理作用，如抗炎、抗氧化、抗糖尿病、抗癌和心脏保护作用。微生物群介导的单宁水解产生高度生物可及的代谢物，这些代谢物已得到广泛研究，并解释了大多数归因于单宁的健康效应。这篇综述文章总结了人类微生物群对不同单宁组代谢的影响以及这种相互作用可能产生的预期健康益处。单宁的微生物代谢产生高度生物可及的微生物代谢物，这些代谢物解释了单宁的大部分全身效应。本文还使用可解释的人工智能来定义与化学和生物活性相关的肠道生物转化单宁代谢物的分子特征。了解微生物群与单宁的相互作用、单宁代谢相关表型（代谢型）和化学单宁代谢物基序对于利用单宁的生物学效应进行药物发现和其他健康益处至关重要。
