Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Aggress Behav. 2021 Sep;47(5):502-512. doi: 10.1002/ab.21970. Epub 2021 May 5.
Recent high-profile incidents involving the deadly application of force in the United States sparked worldwide protests and renewed scrutiny of police practices as well as scrutiny of relations between police officers and minoritized communities. In this report, we consider the inappropriate use of force by police from the perspective of behavioral and social science inquiry related to aggression, violence, and intergroup relations. We examine the inappropriate use of force by police in the context of research on modern policing as well as critical race theory and offer five recommendations suggested by contemporary theory and research. Our recommendations are aimed at policymakers, law enforcement administrators, and scholars and are as follows: (1) Implement public policies that can reduce inappropriate use of force directly and through the reduction of broader burdens on the routine activities of police officers. (2) For officers frequently engaged in use-of-force incidents, ensure that best practice, evidence-based treatments are available and required. (3) Improve and increase the quality and delivery of noncoercive conflict resolution training for all officers, along with police administrative policies and supervision that support alternatives to the use of force, both while scaling back the militarization of police departments. (4) Continue the development and evaluation of multicomponent interventions for police departments, but ensure they incorporate evidence-based, field-tested components. (5) Expand research in the behavioral and social sciences aimed at understanding and managing use-of-force by police and reducing its disproportionate impact on minoritized communities, and expand funding for these lines of inquiry.
最近美国发生的几起备受瞩目的致命武力使用事件引发了全球抗议，并重新审视了警察的行为以及警察与少数族裔社区之间的关系。在本报告中，我们从与攻击、暴力和群体关系相关的行为和社会科学探究的角度来考虑警察不当使用武力的问题。我们审视了警察在现代警务研究、批判种族理论背景下的不当武力使用，并根据当代理论和研究提出了五条建议。我们的建议针对的是政策制定者、执法管理人员和学者，具体如下：(1) 实施公共政策，可直接减少警察日常工作中的负担，从而减少不当使用武力的情况。(2) 对于经常涉及使用武力的警察，确保有并要求使用最佳实践、基于证据的治疗方法。(3) 提高和增加所有警察的非强制性冲突解决培训的质量和交付，同时还需要支持除武力之外的替代方案的警察行政政策和监督，同时减少警察部门的军事化。(4) 继续为警察部门开发和评估多组分干预措施，但要确保它们包含基于证据、经过现场测试的组成部分。(5) 扩大行为和社会科学领域的研究，旨在了解和管理警察的武力使用情况，并减少其对少数族裔社区的不成比例影响，并为这些研究领域提供更多资金。
