Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brasil.
Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2021 Apr 30;37(3):e00218320. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00218320. eCollection 2021.
Sleep is a fundamental aspect for maintaining physical and emotional health, as well as one's well-being. Few studies have assessed the effect of socioeconomic conditions on sleep in the COVID-19 pandemic. Our objective was to analyze the increase or incidence of sleep disorders according to demographic and economic conditions, prior to the pandemic, and according to changes in financial, occupational, and household conditions during the pandemic. This study was conducted via web access, using data from April 24 to May 24, with 45,160 Brazilians (aged 18 or older), with a sample weighted by Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) data. Change in sleep quality (outcome), monthly income, effect on family income, occupation/work, gender, age group, marital status, and change in domestic work (exposures) were reported. The percentages of onset or increase of sleep disorders and adjusted odds ratio were estimated. The chance of exacerbation of sleep disorders was 34%, 71%, and twice as high in people with income less than one minimum wage before the pandemic, in those who lost their job and in those who had a great decrease in their income/were without income, respectively. The chance of worsening sleep disorders was 82% higher in women; three times higher (OR = 3.14) in the population aged from 18 to 29, compared to the older adults; and higher with the increase in the amount of housework (OR = 2.21). Financial and occupational factors were determinants in the worsening of self-reported sleep quality, requiring rapid actions on these conditions in order to minimize this effect. Gender, age group, and household routines also deserve attention regarding sleep quality.
睡眠是维持身心健康和幸福感的基本要素。很少有研究评估社会经济状况对 COVID-19 大流行期间睡眠的影响。我们的目的是分析在大流行之前根据人口统计学和经济状况以及在大流行期间根据财务、职业和家庭状况的变化，睡眠障碍的发生率或发病率。这项研究是通过网络访问进行的，使用了 45160 名巴西人（年龄在 18 岁或以上）的数据，样本根据巴西全国家庭抽样调查（PNAD）数据进行加权。报告了睡眠质量变化（结局）、月收入、对家庭收入的影响、职业/工作、性别、年龄组、婚姻状况以及家务劳动变化（暴露）。估计了睡眠障碍发作或增加的百分比和调整后的优势比。在大流行之前收入低于最低工资的人、失业的人和收入大幅下降/没有收入的人，睡眠障碍恶化的几率分别高出 34%、71%和两倍。女性睡眠障碍恶化的几率高出 82%；与老年人相比，18 至 29 岁的人群高出三倍（OR=3.14）；家务劳动量增加，睡眠障碍恶化的几率更高（OR=2.21）。财务和职业因素是自我报告睡眠质量恶化的决定因素，需要迅速采取行动改善这些状况，以尽量减少这种影响。性别、年龄组和家庭日常事务也值得关注睡眠质量。
