School of Public Health, San Diego State University, the Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, and the SDSU HealthLINK Center, San Diego, California, USA.
Health and Nutrition Unit, Costa Rican Institute for Research and Education on Nutrition and Health (INCIENSA), Cartago, Costa Rica.
Obes Rev. 2021 Jun;22 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):e13246. doi: 10.1111/obr.13246. Epub 2021 May 5.
The environments of children influence their risk for childhood obesity through, among other factors, a child's weight-related behaviors (i.e., diet and physical activity). In this article, we present evidence on social environmental factors associated with a child's diet and physical activity, and more generally, the prevention and control of childhood obesity among Hispanic/Latinx children in the United States and children from countries in Latin America. Using a socio-ecologic lens, we present evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies conducted in the United States involving Hispanic/Latinx children, and evidence from studies involving children in Latin America. Studies examining parenting factors in the home environment (e.g., parenting strategies) are especially emphasized, with more limited evidence on social environmental factors in other lived contexts (e.g., school). The influence of acculturation on social relationships cuts across levels of the socio-ecological framework. Intervention research identified strategies and research gaps for intervening on social factors to promote healthy behaviors and reduce risk for childhood obesity. Community health workers and others forms of peer support were identified as relevant approaches at multiple levels of the socio-ecological framework. This article concludes with directions for future research to further understand the environment using newer information and communication technologies.
儿童的环境会通过儿童的体重相关行为（即饮食和身体活动）等因素影响其肥胖风险。本文介绍了与儿童饮食和身体活动相关的社会环境因素的证据，更广泛地介绍了美国西班牙裔/拉丁裔儿童和拉丁美洲国家儿童肥胖预防和控制的证据。本文使用社会生态学视角，展示了涉及美国西班牙裔/拉丁裔儿童的横断面和纵向研究以及涉及拉丁美洲儿童的研究的证据。本文特别强调了家庭环境中养育因素（如养育策略）的研究，而对其他生活环境（如学校）中的社会环境因素的证据则较为有限。文化适应对社会关系的影响贯穿社会生态框架的各个层次。干预研究确定了干预社会因素以促进健康行为和降低儿童肥胖风险的策略和研究空白。社区卫生工作者和其他形式的同伴支持被确定为社会生态框架多个层次上的相关方法。本文最后提出了未来研究的方向，以便使用更新的信息和通信技术进一步了解环境。
