Schimmel Paul
Australian Psychoanalytical Society, Roseville, Sydney.
Int J Psychoanal. 2018 Feb;99(1):208-229. doi: 10.1080/00207578.2017.1399070.
In , written in 1915, Freud proposed a coherent and convincing theory of the nature and origin of melancholic states and offered startling new insights into the growth of the mind. Freud's essay represented a new metapsychological formulation and the beginning of a "paradigm shift" in the still young discipline of psychoanalysis; it is recognized as containing the origins of contemporary object relations theory.The present paper argues that this clarity of understanding and the transformative power of Freud's essay represented the culmination of a long period of transformation within Freud himself. The evolution of Freud's thinking and theory are considered in relation to two important periods and experiences of mourning: first, that of his "self-analysis" and mourning the death of his father, and second, his experience of disillusion and mourning in response to World War I.The metapsychological shifts in will be identified, along with Freud's synthesis of clinical observation and theory. The text challenges George Klein's contention that Freud was never able to achieve integration between his "clinical theory" and his "metapsychological theory". Wilfred Bion's differentiation between the integrative thinking of the "selected fact" experience and rational logical thinking will be used to reconsider the clinical theory/metapsychological theory dichotomy.
在1915年撰写的《》中，弗洛伊德提出了一个关于忧郁症状态的本质和起源的连贯且有说服力的理论，并对心智的发展提供了惊人的新见解。弗洛伊德的这篇论文代表了一种新的元心理学表述，以及在当时尚年轻的精神分析学科中“范式转变”的开端；它被认为包含了当代客体关系理论的起源。本文认为，这种理解的清晰性以及弗洛伊德这篇论文的变革力量代表了弗洛伊德自身长期转变的 culmination。弗洛伊德思想和理论的演变是结合哀悼的两个重要时期和经历来考量的：其一，他的“自我分析”以及对父亲去世的哀悼；其二，他因第一次世界大战而产生的幻灭和哀悼经历。文中将确定《》中的元心理学转变，以及弗洛伊德对临床观察与理论的综合。本文质疑了乔治·克莱因的观点，即弗洛伊德从未能够在其“临床理论”和“元心理学理论”之间实现整合。威尔弗雷德·比昂对“选定事实”体验的整合性思维与理性逻辑思维的区分，将被用于重新审视临床理论/元心理学理论的二分法。
原文中“culmination”未翻译完整，可能是因为原文此处有缺失信息。
