Lussier M
Int J Psychoanal. 2000 Aug;81 ( Pt 4):667-86. doi: 10.1516/0020757001600093.
The author investigates the origins of 'Mourning and melancholia', which has been the standard work of psychoanalytic reference on mourning since its publication. She notes that the existence of this paper has always tended to be taken for granted and that it is therefore important to identify the foundations on which Freud developed his conception of mourning, which seem to have remained almost unexamined in the literature. The internal and external sources are discussed. The former are defined as biographical data, involving a correlation between the theme of mourning and Freud's own bereavements, as well as a possible causal link between these instances and his creative activity, while the latter comprise Freud's reading and his scientific exchanges. The external sources may be subdivided into anthropological, religious (mainly Jewish), psychiatric and psychoanalytic sources. The author points out that in his essay Freud has far less to say about mourning than about melancholia and concludes that the new view of this founding text accruing from the consideration of all the above factors shows that Freud was relatively uninterested in the normal model of mourning, especially when compared with all that flowed from his work on dreams.
作者探究了《哀悼与忧郁症》的起源，自出版以来，该书一直是精神分析领域关于哀悼的标准参考文献。她指出，这篇论文的存在一直被视为理所当然，因此，明确弗洛伊德构建其哀悼概念的基础非常重要，而这些基础在文献中似乎几乎未被审视。文章讨论了内部和外部来源。前者被定义为传记资料，涉及哀悼主题与弗洛伊德自身丧亲经历之间的关联，以及这些事件与他的创作活动之间可能存在的因果联系，而后者包括弗洛伊德的阅读及他的学术交流。外部来源可细分为人类学、宗教（主要是犹太教）、精神病学和精神分析学来源。作者指出，在其论文中，弗洛伊德对哀悼的论述远少于对忧郁症的论述，并得出结论：综合考虑上述所有因素后，对这一奠基性文本的新认识表明，弗洛伊德对正常哀悼模式相对不感兴趣，尤其是与他在梦的研究中产生的所有成果相比。
