MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 May 7;70(18):674-679. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7018e1.
Adults aged ≥65 years are at increased risk for severe outcomes from COVID-19 and were identified as a priority group to receive the first COVID-19 vaccines approved for use under an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) in the United States (1-3). In an evaluation at 24 hospitals in 14 states,* the effectiveness of partial or full vaccination with Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccines against COVID-19-associated hospitalization was assessed among adults aged ≥65 years. Among 417 hospitalized adults aged ≥65 years (including 187 case-patients and 230 controls), the median age was 73 years, 48% were female, 73% were non-Hispanic White, 17% were non-Hispanic Black, 6% were Hispanic, and 4% lived in a long-term care facility. Adjusted vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19-associated hospitalization among adults aged ≥65 years was estimated to be 94% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 49%-99%) for full vaccination and 64% (95% CI = 28%-82%) for partial vaccination. These findings are consistent with efficacy determined from clinical trials in the subgroup of adults aged ≥65 years (4,5). This multisite U.S. evaluation under real-world conditions suggests that vaccination provided protection against COVID-19-associated hospitalization among adults aged ≥65 years. Vaccination is a critical tool for reducing severe COVID-19 in groups at high risk.
成年人年龄≥65 岁，感染 COVID-19 后出现重症的风险增加，被确定为优先接种人群，以接种美国紧急使用授权（EUA）下批准使用的首批 COVID-19 疫苗（1-3）。在 14 个州的 24 家医院进行的一项评估中*，评估了辉瑞-BioNTech 或 Moderna 疫苗部分或完全接种对≥65 岁成年人 COVID-19 相关住院的有效性。在≥65 岁的 417 名住院成年患者中（包括 187 例病例患者和 230 例对照），中位年龄为 73 岁，48%为女性，73%为非西班牙裔白人，17%为非西班牙裔黑人，6%为西班牙裔，4%居住在长期护理机构。≥65 岁成年人 COVID-19 相关住院的调整疫苗有效性（VE）估计为完全接种的 94%（95%置信区间[CI] = 49%-99%）和部分接种的 64%（95% CI = 28%-82%）。这些发现与≥65 岁成年人亚组临床试验确定的疗效一致（4,5）。在真实环境下的这项多地点美国评估表明，疫苗为≥65 岁成年人提供了针对 COVID-19 相关住院的保护。疫苗是减少高危人群中严重 COVID-19 的关键工具。
