Institute of Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1306:29-40. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-63908-2_3.
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are small membrane-coated structures secreted by all cells of the body and can be detected in all bodily fluids, including urine. EV contents (e.g. proteins and distinct RNA classes) reflect the physiological state of their cells of origin, offering a new source of biomarkers. Accordingly, urinary Extracellular Vesicles (uEVs) are emerging as a source for early biomarkers of kidney damage and beyond, holding the potential to replace the conventional invasive techniques including kidney biopsy. However, the lack of standardization and sample collection and isolation methods, and the influence of factors such as inter- and intra-individual variability create difficulties in interpreting current results. Here we review recent results and reported uses of especially urinary EVs and also pinpoint approaches to be considered when designing experiments.
细胞外囊泡 (EV) 是由身体所有细胞分泌的小型膜包结构，可以在所有体液中检测到，包括尿液。EV 内容物（例如蛋白质和独特的 RNA 类别）反映了其来源细胞的生理状态，为生物标志物提供了新的来源。因此，尿细胞外囊泡 (uEV) 作为肾脏损伤早期生物标志物的来源正在出现，并有可能取代传统的侵入性技术，包括肾活检。然而，缺乏标准化以及样本采集和分离方法，以及个体间和个体内变异性等因素的影响，给当前结果的解释带来了困难。在这里，我们回顾了最近的研究结果以及报告中对尿液 EV 的应用，并指出了在设计实验时需要考虑的方法。
