Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam.
Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam.
J Clin Virol. 2021 Jun;139:104840. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2021.104840. Epub 2021 Apr 24.
A nationwide measles outbreak occurred in Vietnam between 2013 and 2014.
To provide an overview on the 2013-2014 measles outbreak in northern Vietnam using epidemiological and molecular analysis of the measles virus (MeV).
Epidemiological information was collected from all suspected cases of measles/rubella. Serum and/or throat swabs were collected for laboratory confirmation of measles. MeV genomes were detected and sequenced for phylogenetic analysis.
A total of 9577 confirmed measles cases were reported in northern Vietnam with an incidence rate of 116.4/1,000,000 population. Of these, approximately 76.3% had unvaccinated or unknown vaccination history and 55.7% were under five years old. The outbreak started in a minority population from the mountainous area bordering Lao PDR and China and exploded in high-density population areas. Molecular analysis of MeV revealed co-circulation of genotypes H1 and D8, with H1 as the predominant strain, and divided into two clusters: cluster 1, sharing high similarity with those detected in China and Lao PDR, and cluster 2, circulating locally with unidentified origin. The minor D8 strains belonged to the D8-Frankfurt cluster.
The outbreak originated in and spread from a population with limited access to vaccines. Molecular analysis revealed co-circulation of MeVs with three different origins during the outbreak. This is the first report to provide an overview of the 2013-2014 measles outbreak in northern Vietnam, demonstrating the need for vaccination strategies against measles that are tailored to local conditions with enhanced molecular surveillance to achieve measles elimination.
2013 年至 2014 年，越南全国发生麻疹疫情。
使用麻疹病毒（MeV）的流行病学和分子分析，对越南北部 2013-2014 年麻疹疫情进行概述。
从所有疑似麻疹/风疹病例中收集流行病学信息。采集血清和/或咽拭子进行麻疹实验室确诊。检测并测序 MeV 基因组进行系统进化分析。
越南北部共报告 9577 例确诊麻疹病例，发病率为 116.4/100 万人口。其中约 76.3%未接种疫苗或疫苗接种情况不明，55.7%年龄在 5 岁以下。疫情始于与老挝和中国接壤的山区少数民族人群，然后在人口密度较高的地区爆发。MeV 的分子分析显示基因型 H1 和 D8 同时流行，其中 H1 为主导株，可分为两个簇：簇 1 与中国和老挝检测到的株高度相似，簇 2 为本地流行株，来源不明。较小的 D8 株属于 D8-Frankfurt 簇。
疫情起源于疫苗接种率较低的人群，并由此传播。分子分析显示，在疫情期间，三种不同来源的 MeVs 同时流行。这是首次对越南北部 2013-2014 年麻疹疫情进行概述的报告，表明需要根据当地情况制定有针对性的麻疹疫苗接种策略，并加强分子监测，以实现消除麻疹。
