Department of Energy Science, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
Chemosphere. 2021 Oct;280:130608. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130608. Epub 2021 Apr 28.
Over the last century, contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has risen tremendously due to the intensified industrial activities like petrochemical, pharmaceutical, insecticides and fertilizers applications. PAHs are a group of organic pollutants with adverse effects on both humans and the environment. These PAHs are widely distributed in various ecosystems including air, soil, marine water and sediments. Degradation of PAHs generally occurs through processes like photolysis, adsorption, volatilization, chemical degradation and microbial degradation. Microbial degradation of PAHs is done by the utilization of diverse microorganisms like algae, bacteria, fungi which are readily compatible with biodegrading/bio transforming PAHs into HO, CO under aerobic, or CH under anaerobic environment. The rate of PAHs degradation using microbes is mainly governed by various cultivation conditions like temperature, pH, nutrients availability, microbial population, chemical nature of PAHs, oxygen and degree of acclimation. Several microbial species including Selenastrum capricornutum, Ralstonia basilensis, Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Pseudomonas migulae, Sphingomonas yanoikuyae and Chlorella sorokiniana are known to degrade PAHs via biosorption and enzyme-mediated degradation. Numerous bacterial mediated PAHs degradation methods are studied globally. Among them, PAHs degradation by bacterial species like Pseudomonas fluorescence, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rhodococcus spp., Paenibacillus spp., Mycobacterium spp., and Haemophilus spp., by various degradation modes like biosurfactant, bioaugmentation, biostimulation and biofilms mediated are also investigated. In contrarily, PAHs degradation by fungal species such as Pleurotus ostreatus, Polyporus sulphureus, Fusarium oxysporum occurs using the activity of its ligninolytic enzymes such as lignin peroxidase, laccase, and manganese peroxidase. The present review highlighted on the PAHs degradation activity by the algal, fungal, bacterial species and also focused on their mode of degradation.
在过去的一个世纪中，由于石油化工、制药、杀虫剂和化肥等工业活动的加剧，多环芳烃（PAHs）的污染急剧增加。PAHs 是一组对人类和环境都有不利影响的有机污染物。这些 PAHs 广泛分布于各种生态系统中，包括空气、土壤、海水和沉积物。PAHs 的降解一般通过光解、吸附、挥发、化学降解和微生物降解等过程进行。微生物降解 PAHs 是通过利用藻类、细菌、真菌等多种微生物来完成的，这些微生物很容易与生物降解/生物转化 PAHs 成 HO、CO 在有氧环境下，或 CH 在无氧环境下。微生物降解 PAHs 的速度主要受各种培养条件的影响，如温度、pH 值、营养物质的可用性、微生物种群、PAHs 的化学性质、氧气和适应程度。包括 Selenastrum capricornutum、Ralstonia basilensis、Acinetobacter haemolyticus、Pseudomonas migulae、Sphingomonas yanoikuyae 和 Chlorella sorokiniana 在内的几种微生物物种被认为可以通过生物吸附和酶介导的降解来降解 PAHs。全球范围内研究了许多细菌介导的 PAHs 降解方法。其中，通过 Pseudomonas fluorescence、Pseudomonas aeruginosa、Rhodococcus spp.、Paenibacillus spp.、Mycobacterium spp. 和 Haemophilus spp. 等细菌物种，通过生物表面活性剂、生物增强、生物刺激和生物膜介导等各种降解模式来降解 PAHs 也得到了研究。相反，蕈菌属物种如糙皮侧耳、硫磺菌、尖孢镰刀菌通过其木质素降解酶如木质素过氧化物酶、漆酶和锰过氧化物酶的活性来降解 PAHs。本综述重点介绍了藻类、真菌、细菌物种对 PAHs 的降解活性，并重点介绍了它们的降解模式。
