Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
Clin Immunol. 2021 Jun;227:108754. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108754. Epub 2021 May 6.
Recently, a continuous increase in environmental pollution has been observed. Despite wide-scale efforts to reduce air pollutant emissions, the problem is still relevant. Exposure to elevated levels of airborne particles increased the incidence of respiratory diseases. PM constitute the largest fraction of air pollutants, containing particles with a diameter of less than 10 μm, metals, pollens, mineral dust and remnant material from anthropogenic activity. The natural airway defensive mechanisms against inhaled material, such as mucus layer, ciliary clearance and macrophage phagocytic activity, may be insufficient for proper respiratory function. The epithelium layer can be disrupted by ongoing oxidative stress and inflammatory processes induced by exposure to large amounts of inhaled particles as well as promote the development and exacerbation of obstructive lung diseases. This review draws attention to the current state of knowledge about the physical features of PM and its impact on airway epithelial cells, and obstructive pulmonary diseases.
最近，人们观察到环境污染呈持续上升趋势。尽管已经广泛努力减少空气污染物排放，但这个问题仍然存在。暴露于高水平的空气传播颗粒增加了呼吸道疾病的发病率。PM 构成了空气污染物的最大部分，其中含有直径小于 10μm 的颗粒、金属、花粉、矿物灰尘和人为活动的残余物质。天然气道防御机制，如黏液层、纤毛清除和巨噬细胞吞噬作用，可能不足以维持正常的呼吸功能。上皮层可能会因持续的氧化应激和暴露于大量吸入颗粒引起的炎症过程而受到破坏，并促进阻塞性肺疾病的发展和恶化。本综述提请人们注意 PM 的物理特征及其对气道上皮细胞和阻塞性肺疾病的影响的现有知识状况。
