Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil.
Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia dos Materiais, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN-SP, SP, Brazil.
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2021 Jun;34:102324. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102324. Epub 2021 May 15.
SARS-CoV-2 attacks hemoglobin through its structural protein ORF3a, dissociating the iron from the heme, as iron is necessary by cell machinery for virus replication. In this process protoporphyrin (PpIX) is released.
The decrease in the hemoglobin levels observed in patients with Covid-19 is frequently accompanied by an increase in PpIX levels. This evidence was confirmed by the quantification of PpIX by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). PpIX emission is observed in its two characteristic bands at approximately 635 nm and 705 nm.
This paper searches to understand the role of heme and PpIX inside the cells. Perspectives on the use of PpIX fluorescence as a sensor to monitor the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the tissue, blood, urine, or feces to map the evolution and severity of the disease or to monitor the response of the Covid-19 treatment modalities were described.
Fluorescence spectroscopy could be adopted as an excellent diagnostic technique for Covid-19, of low cost and high sensitivity. This method can potentially be used as a marker to monitor the response to the treatments. Photodynamic and sonodynamic therapies using the endogenous PpIX increased in the acute phase of the disease, could be employed for Covid-19 treatment.
SARS-CoV-2 通过其结构蛋白 ORF3a 攻击血红蛋白，将铁从血红素中解离出来，因为铁是细胞机制复制病毒所必需的。在此过程中，原卟啉（PpIX）被释放。
Covid-19 患者观察到的血红蛋白水平下降常伴有 PpIX 水平升高。这一证据通过高效液相色谱法（HPLC）对 PpIX 的定量得到了证实。PpIX 的发射在其两个特征波段约 635nm 和 705nm 处观察到。
本文旨在探讨血红素和 PpIX 在细胞内的作用。探讨了将 PpIX 荧光作为传感器用于监测组织、血液、尿液或粪便中 SARS-CoV-2 的存在，以绘制疾病的演变和严重程度，或监测 Covid-19 治疗方法的反应的可能性。
荧光光谱学可以作为一种低成本、高灵敏度的 Covid-19 优秀诊断技术。该方法可潜在地用作监测治疗反应的标志物。在疾病的急性期，使用内源性 PpIX 的光动力和声动力疗法可以用于治疗 Covid-19。
