Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Aging Ment Health. 2022 Jun;26(6):1253-1260. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1919990. Epub 2021 May 10.
Grit is a noncognitive trait that has been shown to increase monotonically throughout adulthood and predict late-life cognitive performance. Less is known about the relation between grit and successful aging in older adults.
Participants over 55-years-old ( = 185) completed a series of self-report surveys assessing demographics, grit (Short Grit Scale; Grit-S), physical and emotional functioning (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Health Survey; SF-36), and changes in cognitive functioning (Everyday Cognition; ECog). Principal component analysis of the Grit-S was conducted, and then Pearson product moment correlations and multiple linear regressions were used to assess the relations between grit, age, and measures of successful aging.
Grit showed no association with age, even after controlling for education. Grit total score was positively associated with a variety of successful aging variables (SF-36; physical, emotional, and social functioning, energy, general health; all ' <.001). Component analysis of the Grit-S showed a two-component solution representing Consistency and Perseverance. Both components predicted SF-36 measures of energy, general health, and emotional function (SF-36), but only Consistency predicted cognitive decline (ECog) and SF-36 measures of physical health and pain.
Grit is stable throughout older adulthood and may serve as a protective factor that promotes active adaptation to the developmental challenges of aging. Consistency of interests appears to play an adaptive role in all facets of successful aging, including stability of cognitive functioning, while perseverance of effort may have a more circumscribed positive effect on physical and emotional well-being in older adults.
坚毅是一种非认知特质，已被证明在整个成年期内呈单调递增趋势，并可预测晚年的认知表现。关于坚毅与老年人成功老龄化之间的关系知之甚少。
年龄在 55 岁以上的参与者（ = 185）完成了一系列自我报告调查，评估人口统计学、坚毅（短版坚毅量表；Grit-S）、身体和情绪功能（医疗结果研究短式健康调查；SF-36）以及认知功能变化（日常认知；ECog）。对 Grit-S 进行主成分分析，然后使用 Pearson 积矩相关和多元线性回归来评估坚毅、年龄与成功老龄化衡量标准之间的关系。
坚毅与年龄没有关联，即使在控制了教育程度后也是如此。坚毅总评分与各种成功老龄化变量呈正相关（SF-36；身体、情绪和社会功能、精力、总体健康；所有 '<.001）。Grit-S 的成分分析显示出代表一致性和毅力的两个组成部分。这两个组成部分都预测了 SF-36 的精力、总体健康和情绪功能（SF-36），但只有一致性预测了认知衰退（ECog）和 SF-36 的身体健康和疼痛衡量标准。
坚毅在整个老年期都是稳定的，可能是一种保护因素，可以促进积极适应衰老的发展挑战。兴趣的一致性似乎在成功老龄化的所有方面都发挥了适应性作用，包括认知功能的稳定性，而努力的毅力可能对老年人的身体和情绪健康有更具限定性的积极影响。
