BCG 疫苗对防治 COVID-19 是否有效？
Is the BCG vaccine a useful tool against COVID-19?
机构信息
Department of Biology, Medical Genetic, and Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical Faculty, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria.
出版信息
Clin Dermatol. 2021 Jan-Feb;39(1):98-103. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2020.12.018. Epub 2020 Dec 16.
The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has been used since 1921 initially for protection against tuberculosis. BCG acts through stimulation of cell-mediated adaptive immunity with activation of the Th1 cells and production of interferon gamma. Additionally, it is able to stimulate the immune system in a nonspecific manner, which results in effectiveness of the BCG against non-mycobacterial infections and in some malignant, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases. Recently, its potential use in the fight against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been suggested. This is based upon the concept of BCG-induced trained innate immunity-a memory-like response of the innate immune system that can realize greater protection in case of re-infection. This hypothesis represents a milestone in the potential use of the BCG vaccine in the fight with the novel coronavirus.
卡介苗（BCG）疫苗自 1921 年以来一直被用于预防结核病。BCG 通过刺激细胞介导的适应性免疫，激活 Th1 细胞并产生干扰素γ来发挥作用。此外，它还能够以非特异性方式刺激免疫系统，这使得 BCG 对非分枝杆菌感染以及某些恶性、自身免疫和炎症性疾病具有有效性。最近，有人提出将其用于对抗 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行。这是基于卡介苗诱导的训练性先天免疫的概念，即先天免疫系统的一种类似记忆的反应，可以在再次感染时实现更好的保护。这一假设代表了卡介苗疫苗在对抗新型冠状病毒中的潜在用途的一个里程碑。
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