Malekzadeh Mohammad, Swihart Mark T
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
Chem Soc Rev. 2021 Jun 21;50(12):7132-7249. doi: 10.1039/d0cs01212b.
The synthesis of nanomaterials, with characteristic dimensions of 1 to 100 nm, is a key component of nanotechnology. Vapor-phase synthesis of nanomaterials has numerous advantages such as high product purity, high-throughput continuous operation, and scalability that have made it the dominant approach for the commercial synthesis of nanomaterials. At the same time, this class of methods has great potential for expanded use in research and development. Here, we present a broad review of progress in vapor-phase nanomaterial synthesis. We describe physically-based vapor-phase synthesis methods including inert gas condensation, spark discharge generation, and pulsed laser ablation; plasma processing methods including thermal- and non-thermal plasma processing; and chemically-based vapor-phase synthesis methods including chemical vapor condensation, flame-based aerosol synthesis, spray pyrolysis, and laser pyrolysis. In addition, we summarize the nanomaterials produced by each method, along with representative applications, and describe the synthesis of the most important materials produced by each method in greater detail.
纳米材料的合成是纳米技术的关键组成部分，其特征尺寸为1至100纳米。纳米材料的气相合成具有许多优点，如产品纯度高、高通量连续操作和可扩展性，这些优点使其成为纳米材料商业合成的主要方法。同时，这类方法在研发中具有很大的扩展应用潜力。在此，我们对气相纳米材料合成的进展进行广泛综述。我们描述基于物理的气相合成方法，包括惰性气体凝聚、火花放电产生和脉冲激光烧蚀；等离子体处理方法，包括热等离子体和非热等离子体处理；以及基于化学的气相合成方法，包括化学气相凝聚、火焰气溶胶合成、喷雾热解和激光热解。此外，我们总结了每种方法生产的纳米材料及其代表性应用，并更详细地描述了每种方法生产的最重要材料的合成。
