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BACKGROUNDAdipocytes were long considered inert components of the bone marrow niche, but mouse and human models suggest bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is dynamic and responsive to hormonal and nutrient cues.METHODSIn this study of healthy volunteers, we investigated how BMAT responds to acute nutrient changes, including analyses of endocrine determinants and paracrine factors from marrow aspirates. Study participants underwent a 10-day high-calorie protocol, followed by a 10-day fast.RESULTSWe demonstrate (a) vertebral BMAT increased significantly during high-calorie feeding and fasting, suggesting BMAT may have different functions in states of caloric excess compared with caloric deprivation; (b) ghrelin, which decreased in response to high-calorie feeding and fasting, was inversely associated with changes in BMAT; and (c) in response to high-calorie feeding, resistin levels in the marrow sera, but not the circulation, rose significantly. In addition, TNF-α expression in marrow adipocytes increased with high-calorie feeding and decreased upon fasting.CONCLUSIONHigh-calorie feeding, but not fasting, induces an immune response in bone marrow similar to what has been reported in peripheral adipose tissue. Understanding the immunomodulatory regulators in the marrow may provide further insight into the homeostatic function of this unique adipose tissue depot.FUNDINGNIH grant R24 DK084970, Harvard Catalyst/The Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center (National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, award UL 1TR002541), and NIH grants P30 DK040561 and U19 AG060917S1.

背景

脂肪细胞长期以来被认为是骨髓龛中的惰性成分，但小鼠和人类模型表明骨髓脂肪组织（BMAT）是动态的，并对激素和营养线索有反应。

方法

在这项对健康志愿者的研究中，我们研究了 BMAT 如何对急性营养变化做出反应，包括对骨髓抽吸物中的内分泌决定因素和旁分泌因子进行分析。研究参与者接受了为期 10 天的高热量饮食方案，然后进行 10 天禁食。

结果

我们证明了（a）在高热量喂养和禁食期间，椎骨 BMAT 显著增加，这表明与热量剥夺相比，BMAT 在热量过剩状态下可能具有不同的功能；（b）ghrelin 在高热量喂养和禁食期间下降，与 BMAT 的变化呈负相关；（c）在高热量喂养时，骨髓血清中的抵抗素水平显著升高，但循环中的抵抗素水平没有升高。此外，骨髓脂肪细胞中的 TNF-α 表达随着高热量喂养而增加，在禁食时则减少。