Gewecke Katharina, Grundler Franziska, Ruscica Massimiliano, von Schacky Clemens, Mesnage Robin, Wilhelmi de Toledo Françoise
NÀDARRA GmbH, Hamburg, Germany.
Buchinger Wilhelmi Clinic, Überlingen, Germany.
Eur J Clin Invest. 2025 May;55(5):e14382. doi: 10.1111/eci.14382. Epub 2025 Jan 13.
Long-term fasting (LF) activates an adaptative response to switch metabolic fuels from food glucose to lipids stored in adipose tissues. The increase in free fatty acid (FFA) oxidation during fasting triggers health benefits. We questioned if the changes in lipid metabolism during LF could affect lipids in cell membranes in humans. We thus analysed the FA composition in erythrocyte membranes (EM) during 12.6 ± 3.5 days of LF and 1 month after food reintroduction.
A total of 98 subjects out of three single-arm interventional studies underwent a medical supervised long-term fasting (12.6 ± 3.5 days) programme. The distribution pattern of 26 FA as well as the HS-Omega-3 Index were assessed in the EM using gas chromatography.
Eighteen of 26 FA showed significant changes. Within the group of saturated FA, myristic (14:0) and stearic acid (18:0) decreased while palmitic (16:0) and arachid acid (20:0) increased. While most monounsaturated FA increased, trans fatty acids decreased or remained unchanged. Within the polyunsaturated FA, arachidonic (20:4n6) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n3) acid increased, while linoleic (18:2n6), alpha-linolenic (18:3n3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n3) decreased. Consequently, the HS-Omega-3 Index increased. 11 out of the 18 FA with significant changes returned to baseline levels 1 month afterwards. Levels of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid increased over baseline levels.
Long-term fasting triggers changes in the FA composition of EM.
长期禁食（LF）会激活一种适应性反应，将代谢燃料从食物中的葡萄糖转换为储存在脂肪组织中的脂质。禁食期间游离脂肪酸（FFA）氧化的增加会带来健康益处。我们质疑长期禁食期间脂质代谢的变化是否会影响人体细胞膜中的脂质。因此，我们分析了在12.6±3.5天的长期禁食期间以及重新进食1个月后红细胞膜（EM）中的脂肪酸组成。
三项单臂干预研究中的98名受试者接受了医学监督的长期禁食（12.6±3.5天）计划。使用气相色谱法评估红细胞膜中26种脂肪酸的分布模式以及HS-欧米伽-3指数。
26种脂肪酸中有18种显示出显著变化。在饱和脂肪酸组中，肉豆蔻酸（14:0）和硬脂酸（18:0）减少，而棕榈酸（16:0）和花生酸（20:0）增加。虽然大多数单不饱和脂肪酸增加，但反式脂肪酸减少或保持不变。在多不饱和脂肪酸中，花生四烯酸（20:4n6）和二十二碳六烯酸（22:6n3）增加，而亚油酸（18:2n6）、α-亚麻酸（18:3n3）和二十碳五烯酸（20:5n3）减少。因此，HS-欧米伽-3指数增加。18种有显著变化的脂肪酸中有11种在1个月后恢复到基线水平。亚油酸和α-亚麻酸的水平高于基线水平。
长期禁食会引发红细胞膜脂肪酸组成的变化。
