Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain and Biome Makers Inc, 95605-West Sacramento, CA, USA.
Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049-Madrid, Spain.
Food Funct. 2021 May 11;12(9):4152-4164. doi: 10.1039/d0fo02938f.
The human gut is a highly diverse microbial ecosystem. Although showing a well-defined core of dominant taxa, an interindividual variability exists in microbiome arrangement patterns, and the presence and proportion of specific species, determining individual metabolic features-metabotypes-which govern the health effects of dietary interventions (i.e. polyphenol consumption). Starting with a 19-volunteer human intervention study, divided into low, medium, and high wine-polyphenol-metabolizers, we detected interindividual discrepancies on the effect of wine consumption in gut bacterial alpha-diversity, but a significant homogenization of beta-diversity among moderate wine consumers, independently of their metabotype. In addition, the abundance of key health-related taxa such as Akkermansia sp. increased after moderate wine intake in the group of high polyphenol-metabolizers. Regarding the metabolic activity, significant (p < 0.05) positive correlations in the production of SCFAs were observed after wine intake. Finally, we were able to correlate the microbiome and the metabolome of the three metabotypes, and to identify some metabolites-biomarker species, highlighting the genera Phascolarctobacterium, Pelotomaculum and Prevotella, as positively correlated with polyphenol concentration, and Prevotella, Zymophilus and Eubacterium as positively correlated with SCFAs concentration in faeces. Our results contribute to the evidence of the need of including the microbiome variable in personalized nutrition programs, as different metabotyes respond differently to dietary interventions.
人类肠道是一个高度多样化的微生物生态系统。尽管存在一个明确的核心优势菌群，但个体间微生物组排列模式和特定物种的存在和比例存在变异性，这些差异决定了个体的代谢特征——代谢类型，从而影响饮食干预（如多酚摄入）的健康效应。本研究以 19 名志愿者的人体干预研究为起点，将志愿者分为低、中、高葡萄酒多酚代谢组，我们检测到个体间在葡萄酒摄入对肠道细菌α多样性的影响存在差异，但适度饮酒者的β多样性存在显著趋同，而与代谢类型无关。此外，在高多酚代谢组中，适度饮酒后，与健康相关的关键分类群（如 Akkermansia sp.）的丰度增加。关于代谢活性，在饮酒后观察到 SCFAs 的产生有显著的正相关（p < 0.05）。最后，我们能够将三个代谢类型的微生物组和代谢组进行关联，并确定了一些代谢物——生物标志物物种，突出了 Phascolarctobacterium、Pelotomaculum 和 Prevotella 与多酚浓度呈正相关，而 Prevotella、Zymophilus 和 Eubacterium 与粪便中 SCFAs 浓度呈正相关。我们的研究结果为需要将微生物组变量纳入个性化营养计划提供了证据，因为不同的代谢类型对饮食干预的反应不同。
