Buljeta Ivana, Pichler Anita, Šimunović Josip, Kopjar Mirela
Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, F. Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2023 Jan 17;45(2):782-798. doi: 10.3390/cimb45020052.
Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites synthesized during the development of the grape berry as a response to stress conditions. They are important constituents in red wines that contribute to the sensory properties and antioxidant activity of wines. Due to the development of highly sophisticated analytical devices, it is now possible to characterize the structure of highly polymerized polyphenols and obtain a full polyphenol profile of red wines. Red wine polyphenols include the ones present in grapes as well as new polyphenol products formed during the winemaking process. Among them, the most important groups and their representatives are flavanols (catechin), stilbenes (-resveratrol), flavonols (quercetin) and hydroxybenzoic acids (gallic acid). It is known that polyphenols exhibit beneficial effects on human health, such as anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic and cardio-protective effects. Many studies have been conducted on the health effects of red wine polyphenols in cancer chemopreventive activities, neuroprotective effects and impact on cardiovascular diseases, gut microbiota in humans, etc. This review will provide major scientific findings on the impact of red wine polyphenols on human health as well as a review of polyphenols present in red wines and their main features.
多酚是葡萄果实发育过程中作为对胁迫条件的响应而合成的植物次生代谢产物。它们是红葡萄酒中的重要成分，对葡萄酒的感官特性和抗氧化活性有贡献。由于高度精密分析设备的发展，现在能够表征高度聚合多酚的结构并获得红葡萄酒的完整多酚谱。红葡萄酒中的多酚包括葡萄中存在的多酚以及酿酒过程中形成的新的多酚产物。其中，最重要的类别及其代表物是黄烷醇（儿茶素）、芪类（白藜芦醇）、黄酮醇（槲皮素）和羟基苯甲酸（没食子酸）。众所周知，多酚对人体健康具有有益作用，如抗炎、抗癌和心脏保护作用。关于红葡萄酒多酚在癌症化学预防活性、神经保护作用以及对心血管疾病、人类肠道微生物群等方面的健康影响，已经开展了许多研究。本综述将提供关于红葡萄酒多酚对人体健康影响的主要科学发现，以及对红葡萄酒中存在的多酚及其主要特征的综述。
