Orrego Rodrigo, Guchardi John, Beyger Lindsay, Barra Ricardo, Hewitt L Mark, Holdway Douglas
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Biological Resources, Natural Science Institute Alexander von Humboldt, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile.
Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2021 Aug;40(8):2297-2305. doi: 10.1002/etc.5115. Epub 2021 Jun 29.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of exposure to Chilean pulp mill effluent extracts on developing postfertilized medaka embryos before and after sex definition relative to sex steroids (testosterone and 17beta-estradiol) and a wood phytoestrogen (beta-sitosterol). Our study included 2 waterborne semichronic exposure experiments, using a 24-h post fertilization (hpf) unknown-sex FLFII (female leucophore free) group and a second 72-hpf FLFII phenotypic sex-identified group (male autofluorescence leucophore) strain of medaka embryos. Chronic exposure of both FLFII strain embryo groups showed similar delay in time to hatch and decreased hatchability. Teratogenic responses such as vertebral malformation (fusion, incomplete formation, and lack of vertebral formation process) and pericardial edema were observed in both experiments, with a high percentage related to FLFII fluorescent leucophore-identified males. In addition, high mortality associated with severe malformations was observed in male and female embryos exposed to testosterone. Our research has demonstrated that exposure to Chilean mill effluent extracts caused severe male medaka embryotoxicity (in postfertilized embryos) before and after sex definition and, irrespective of the experimental group and effluent treatment, suggests partial removal following secondary treatment. Furthermore, differences in the severity and type of teratogenic effects with previous experiments (d-rR medaka strain), are associated with the unique phenotypes of this medaka mutant strain. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2297-2305. © 2021 SETAC.
本研究的目的是评估暴露于智利纸浆厂废水提取物对受精后的青鳉胚胎发育的影响，这些胚胎在性别定义前后与性类固醇（睾酮和17β-雌二醇）以及一种木质植物雌激素（β-谷甾醇）有关。我们的研究包括2个水体半慢性暴露实验，使用受精后24小时（hpf）的未确定性别的FLFII（无雌性发荧光细胞）组和第二个受精后72小时的FLFII表型性别鉴定组（雄性自发荧光发荧光细胞）的青鳉胚胎品系。两个FLFII品系胚胎组的慢性暴露均显示出孵化时间延迟和孵化率降低。在两个实验中均观察到致畸反应，如脊柱畸形（融合、不完全形成和缺乏脊柱形成过程）和心包水肿，其中很大比例与FLFII荧光发荧光细胞鉴定的雄性有关。此外，在暴露于睾酮的雄性和雌性胚胎中观察到与严重畸形相关的高死亡率。我们的研究表明，暴露于智利纸浆厂废水提取物会在性别定义前后导致严重的雄性青鳉胚胎毒性（在受精后的胚胎中），并且无论实验组和废水处理如何，二次处理后都有部分去除。此外，与之前的实验（d-rR青鳉品系）相比，致畸效应的严重程度和类型存在差异，这与该青鳉突变品系的独特表型有关。《环境毒理学与化学》2021年；40:2297 - 2305。© 2021 SETAC。
