Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Metabolism, Obesity, and Nutrition Lab, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Adv Nutr. 2021 Oct 1;12(5):1893-1910. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmab011.
With increasing adiposity in obesity, adipose tissue macrophages contribute to adipose tissue malfunction and increased circulating proinflammatory cytokines. The chronic low-grade inflammation that occurs in obesity ultimately gives rise to a state of metainflammation that increases the risk of metabolic disease. To date, only lifestyle and surgical interventions have been shown to be somewhat effective at reversing the negative consequences of obesity and restoring adipose tissue homeostasis. Exercise, dietary interventions, and bariatric surgery result in immunomodulation, and for some individuals their effects are significant with or without weight loss. Robust evidence suggests that these interventions reduce chronic inflammation, in part, by affecting macrophage infiltration and promoting a phenotypic switch from the M1- to M2-like macrophages. The purpose of this review is to discuss the impact of dietary fatty acids, exercise, and bariatric surgery on cellular characteristics affecting adipose tissue macrophage presence and phenotypes in obesity.
随着肥胖症中肥胖的增加，脂肪组织中的巨噬细胞会导致脂肪组织功能障碍和循环中促炎细胞因子的增加。肥胖症中发生的慢性低度炎症最终会导致代谢炎症状态增加，从而增加代谢疾病的风险。迄今为止，仅生活方式和手术干预已被证明在一定程度上可以逆转肥胖的负面影响并恢复脂肪组织的动态平衡。运动、饮食干预和减肥手术可实现免疫调节，对于某些人来说，无论是否减轻体重，其效果都非常显著。大量证据表明，这些干预措施可降低慢性炎症，部分原因是通过影响巨噬细胞浸润并促进从 M1 样向 M2 样巨噬细胞的表型转变。本文旨在讨论饮食脂肪酸、运动和减肥手术对影响肥胖症中脂肪组织巨噬细胞存在和表型的细胞特征的影响。
