Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
J Virol. 2021 Jul 12;95(15):e0034221. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00342-21.
After human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was identified in the early 1980s, intensive work began to understand the molecular basis of HIV-1 gene expression. Subgenomic HIV-1 RNA regions, spread throughout the viral genome, were described to have a negative impact on the nuclear export of some viral transcripts. Those studies revealed an intrinsic RNA code as a new form of nuclear export regulation. Since such regulatory regions were later also identified in other viruses, as well as in cellular genes, it can be assumed that, during evolution, viruses took advantage of them to achieve more sophisticated replication mechanisms. Here, we review HIV-1 acting repressive sequences that have been identified, and we discuss their possible underlying mechanisms and importance. Additionally, we show how current bioinformatic tools might allow more predictive approaches to identify and investigate them.
自 20 世纪 80 年代初发现人类免疫缺陷病毒 1 型（HIV-1）以来，人们开始积极研究 HIV-1 基因表达的分子基础。人们描述了遍布病毒基因组的亚基因组 HIV-1 RNA 区域对某些病毒转录本的核输出具有负面影响。这些研究揭示了作为一种新的核输出调节形式的内在 RNA 编码。由于后来在其他病毒以及细胞基因中也发现了这些调节区域，因此可以假设，在进化过程中，病毒利用这些区域来实现更复杂的复制机制。在这里，我们回顾了已鉴定的 HIV-1 作用的抑制序列，并讨论了它们可能的潜在机制和重要性。此外，我们还展示了当前的生物信息学工具如何能够允许更具预测性的方法来识别和研究它们。
