Yoo Hyun Jung, Kim Na Young, Kim Ji Hyung
Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Mol Cells. 2021 May 31;44(5):310-317. doi: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0059.
Cluster of differentiation 1 (CD1) is a family of cell-surface glycoproteins that present lipid antigens to T cells. Humans have five CD1 isoforms. CD1a is distinguished by the small volume of its antigen-binding groove and its stunted A' pocket, its high and exclusive expression on Langerhans cells, and its localization in the early endosomal and recycling intracellular trafficking compartments. Its ligands originate from self or foreign sources. There are three modes by which the T-cell receptors of CD1a-restricted T cells interact with the CD1a:lipid complex: they bind to both the CD1a surface and the antigen or to only CD1a itself, which activates the T cell, or they are unable to bind because of bulky motifs protruding from the antigen-binding groove, which might inhibit autoreactive T-cell activation. Recently, several studies have shown that by producing T2 or T17 cytokines, CD1a-restricted T cells contribute to inflammatory skin disorders, including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, allergic contact dermatitis, and wasp/bee venom allergy. They may also participate in other diseases, including pulmonary disorders and cancer, because CD1a-expressing dendritic cells are also located in non-skin tissues. In this mini-review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the biology of CD1a-reactive T cells and their potential roles in disease.
分化簇1（CD1）是一类细胞表面糖蛋白家族，可将脂质抗原呈递给T细胞。人类有五种CD1亚型。CD1a的特点是其抗原结合槽体积小且A'口袋发育不全，在朗格汉斯细胞上高表达且具有特异性，并且定位于早期内体和再循环的细胞内运输区室。其配体来源于自身或外源。CD1a限制性T细胞的T细胞受体与CD1a：脂质复合物相互作用有三种方式：它们与CD1a表面和抗原结合，或仅与CD1a本身结合，从而激活T细胞；或者由于抗原结合槽中突出的庞大基序而无法结合，这可能会抑制自身反应性T细胞的激活。最近，几项研究表明，通过产生T2或T17细胞因子，CD1a限制性T细胞会导致炎症性皮肤病，包括特应性皮炎、银屑病、过敏性接触性皮炎和黄蜂/蜜蜂毒液过敏。它们也可能参与其他疾病，包括肺部疾病和癌症，因为表达CD1a的树突状细胞也存在于非皮肤组织中。在本综述中，我们讨论了关于CD1a反应性T细胞生物学及其在疾病中的潜在作用的现有知识。
