Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
J Nutr. 2021 Aug 7;151(8):2342-2352. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab096.
Growth faltering has been associated with poor intellectual performance. The relative strengths of associations between growth in early and in later childhood remain underexplored.
We examined the association between growth in childhood and adult human capital in 5 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
We analyzed data from 9503 participants in 6 prospective birth cohorts from 5 LMICs (Brazil, Guatemala, India, the Philippines, and South Africa). We used linear and quasi-Poisson regression models to assess the associations between measures of height and relative weight at 4 age intervals [birth, age ∼2 y, midchildhood (MC), adulthood] and 2 dimensions of adult human capital [schooling attainment and Intelligence Quotient (IQ)].
Meta-analysis of site- and sex-specific estimates showed statistically significant associations between size at birth and height at ∼2 y and the 2 outcomes (P < 0.001). Weight and length at birth and linear growth from birth to ∼2 y of age (1 z-score difference) were positively associated with schooling attainment (β: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.19, β: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.32, and β: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.40, respectively) and adult IQ (β: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.35, 1.14, β: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.35, 1.10, and β: 1.52, 95% CI: 0.96, 2.08, respectively). Linear growth from age 2 y to MC and from MC to adulthood was not associated with higher school attainment or IQ. Change in relative weight in early childhood, MC, and adulthood was not associated with either outcome.
Linear growth in the first 1000 d is a predictor of schooling attainment and IQ in adulthood in LMICs. Linear growth in later periods was not associated with either of these outcomes. Changes in relative weight across the life course were not associated with schooling and IQ in adulthood.
生长迟缓与智力表现不佳有关。早期和后期儿童期生长之间的关联强度仍未得到充分探索。
我们研究了 5 个中低收入国家（LMICs）儿童期生长与成人人力资本之间的关系。
我们分析了来自 5 个 LMIC（巴西、危地马拉、印度、菲律宾和南非）的 6 个前瞻性出生队列的 9503 名参与者的数据。我们使用线性和拟泊松回归模型来评估 4 个年龄间隔（出生时、年龄约 2 岁、中期儿童期（MC）和成年期）和 2 个人类人力资本维度（受教育程度和智商（IQ））的身高和相对体重测量值之间的关联。
基于地点和性别特异性的估计值进行的荟萃分析显示，出生时的大小与 2 岁时的身高和这两个结果之间存在统计学上显著的关联（P<0.001）。出生时的体重和长度以及从出生到 2 岁的线性生长（1 个 z 评分差异）与受教育程度呈正相关（β：0.13；95%CI：0.08，0.19，β：0.17；95%CI：0.07，0.32，β：0.25，95%CI：0.10，0.40）和成人智商（β：0.74；95%CI：0.35，1.14，β：0.73；95%CI：0.35，1.10，β：1.52；95%CI：0.96，2.08）。从 2 岁到 MC 和从 MC 到成年的线性生长与较高的受教育程度或智商无关。儿童早期、MC 和成年期相对体重的变化与任何结果都没有关系。
头 1000 天的线性生长是 LMIC 成年后受教育程度和智商的预测因素。后期的线性生长与这两个结果都没有关系。整个生命过程中相对体重的变化与成年后的受教育程度和智商无关。
