Glioma Surgery Division, Neurologic Surgery Department, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
Brain Function Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201100, China.
Front Med. 2021 Aug;15(4):562-574. doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0771-z. Epub 2021 May 12.
The protection of language function is one of the major challenges of brain surgery. Over the past century, neurosurgeons have attempted to seek the optimal strategy for the preoperative and intraoperative identification of language-related brain regions. Neurosurgeons have investigated the neural mechanism of language, developed neurolinguistics theory, and provided unique evidence to further understand the neural basis of language functions by using intraoperative cortical and subcortical electrical stimulation. With the emergence of modern neuroscience techniques and dramatic advances in language models over the last 25 years, novel language mapping methods have been applied in the neurosurgical practice to help neurosurgeons protect the brain and reduce morbidity. The rapid advancements in brain-computer interface have provided the perfect platform for the combination of neurosurgery and neurolinguistics. In this review, the history of neurolinguistics models, advancements in modern technology, role of neurosurgery in language mapping, and modern language mapping methods (including noninvasive neuroimaging techniques and invasive cortical electroencephalogram) are presented.
保护语言功能是神经外科的主要挑战之一。在过去的一个世纪里，神经外科医生一直试图寻求最佳策略，以便在术前和术中识别与语言相关的脑区。神经外科医生研究了语言的神经机制，发展了神经语言学理论，并通过术中皮质和皮质下电刺激提供了独特的证据，以进一步了解语言功能的神经基础。随着现代神经科学技术的出现和过去 25 年来语言模型的巨大进步，新的语言映射方法已应用于神经外科实践中，以帮助神经外科医生保护大脑并降低发病率。脑机接口的快速发展为神经外科和神经语言学的结合提供了完美的平台。在这篇综述中，介绍了神经语言学模型的历史、现代技术的进步、神经外科在语言映射中的作用以及现代语言映射方法（包括非侵入性神经影像学技术和侵入性皮质脑电图）。
