Zhou Jingyuan, Lin Zhaoyang, Ren Huaying, Duan Xidong, Shakir Imran, Huang Yu, Duan Xiangfeng
State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Adv Mater. 2021 Jun;33(25):e2004557. doi: 10.1002/adma.202004557. Epub 2021 May 13.
2D layered materials typically feature strong in-plane covalent chemical bonding within each atomic layer and weak out-of-plane van der Waals (vdW) interactions between adjacent layers. The non-bonding nature between neighboring layers naturally results in a vdW gap, in which various foreign species may be inserted without breaking the in-plane covalent bonds. By tailoring the composition, size, structure, and electronic properties of the intercalated guest species and the hosting layered materials, an expansive family of layered intercalation materials may be produced with highly variable compositional and structural features as well as widely tunable physical/chemical properties, invoking unprecedented opportunities in fundamental studies of property modulation and potential applications in diverse technologies, including electronics, optics, superconductors, thermoelectrics, catalysis, and energy storage. Here, the principles and protocols for various intercalation methods, including wet chemical intercalation, gas-phase intercalation, electrochemical intercalation, and ion-exchange intercalation, are comprehensively reviewed and how the intercalated species alter the crystal structure and the interlayer coupling of the host 2D layered materials, introducing unusual physical and chemical properties and enabling devices with superior performance or unique functions, is discussed. To conclude, a brief summary on future research opportunities and emerging challenges in the layered intercalation materials is given.
二维层状材料通常在每个原子层内具有很强的面内共价化学键，而相邻层之间的面外范德华（vdW）相互作用较弱。相邻层之间的非键合性质自然会导致一个范德华间隙，在这个间隙中可以插入各种外来物种而不会破坏面内共价键。通过调整插层客体物种和主体层状材料的组成、尺寸、结构和电子性质，可以制备出一系列具有高度可变的组成和结构特征以及广泛可调的物理/化学性质的层状插层材料，这为性质调制的基础研究以及在包括电子学、光学、超导体、热电学、催化和能量存储等多种技术中的潜在应用带来了前所未有的机遇。在此，全面综述了包括湿化学插层、气相插层、电化学插层和离子交换插层在内的各种插层方法的原理和方案，并讨论了插层物种如何改变主体二维层状材料的晶体结构和层间耦合，从而引入不寻常的物理和化学性质并实现具有卓越性能或独特功能的器件。最后，对层状插层材料未来的研究机遇和新出现的挑战进行了简要总结。
